Evolution of homomorphic sporophytic self-incompatibility

Charlesworth, Deborah

doi:10.1038/hdy.1988.63

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In these populations, 48% fewer seeds were produced by selffertilization (Table 1), and there was significant inbreeding depression for eight of the 11 traits ( Table 2). The relatively large 54% declines in male and female fitness caused by self-fertilization are consistent with the idea that inbreeding depression may generate and maintain genetically controlled self-incompatibility systems in plants (Charlesworth and Charlesworth, 1979;Lande and Schemske, 1985;Charlesworth, 1988;Lloyd, 1992). In contrast, inbreeding depression was detected for only a single trait in self-compatible populations (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Inbreeding depression in self-incompatible and self-compatible populations of Leavenworthia alabamica

Busch

2004

Heredity

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Inbreeding depression is one of the leading factors preventing the evolution of self-fertilization in plants. In populations where self-fertilization evolves, theory suggests that natural selection against partially recessive deleterious alleles will reduce inbreeding depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this hypothesis by comparing the magnitude of inbreeding depression in self-incompatible and self-compatible populations of Leavenworthia alabamica. Within-population crosses were conducted to compare the quantity and quality of offspring produced by outcrossing and selffertilization. These progeny were grown in a common greenhouse and inbreeding depression was measured in germination, survival, biomass, transition rate to flowering, flower number, petal length, pollen grains/anther, pollen viability, and ovule number. In comparison to outcrossing, self-fertilization led to the production of fewer and smaller seeds within self-incompatible populations. Moreover, inbreeding depression was observed in eight of 11 offspring traits within self-incompatible populations of L. alabamica. In contrast, there was significant inbreeding depression only in flower number within self-compatible populations. The results of this study are consistent with the idea that selffertilization selectively removes partially recessive deleterious alleles causing inbreeding depression in natural plant populations. However, in plant species such as L. alabamica where self-compatibility may evolve in small populations following long-distance dispersal, declines in inbreeding depression may also be facilitated by genetic drift. Heredity (2005) 94, 159-165.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Inbreeding depression in self-incompatible and self-compatible populations of Leavenworthia alabamica

Busch

2004

Heredity

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“…This is because a rare haplotype has a transmission advantage since it is not denied mating opportunities by meeting its own phenotype as often as a common haplotype. At a deterministic equilibrium stabilized by selection, GSI haplotypes (and phenotypes) have equal frequencies, whereas for SSI, dominance may cause some haplotypes (the recessive ones) to have higher frequencies than other (dominant) ones (Sampson 1967;Charlesworth 1988;Schierup et al 1997). However, more than one haplotype at a given dominance level decreases the frequency of each haplotype at that dominance level, when there is dominance in pollen and codominance in the stigma (Sampson 1974).…”

Section: H Omomorphic Self-incompatibility (Si) Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection at Work in Self-Incompatible Arabidopsis lyrata: Mating Patterns in a Natural Population

et al. 2006

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Identification and characterization of the self-incompatibility genes in Brassicaceae species now allow typing of self-incompatibility haplotypes in natural populations. In this study we sampled and mapped all 88 individuals in a small population of Arabidopsis lyrata from Iceland. The self-incompatibility haplotypes at the SRK gene were typed for all the plants and some of their progeny and used to investigate the realized mating patterns in the population. The observed frequencies of haplotypes were found to change considerably from the parent generation to the offspring generation around their deterministic equilibria as determined from the known dominance relations among haplotypes. We provide direct evidence that the incompatibility system discriminates against matings among adjacent individuals. Multiple paternity is very common, causing mate availability among progeny of a single mother to be much larger than expected for single paternity.H OMOMORPHIC self-incompatibility (SI) systems constitute invisible barriers to self-fertilization and mating among related individuals. Thus, the presence of a self-incompatibility system has a large influence on realized mating patterns in natural populations. Homomorphic SI systems are divided into gametophytic and sporophytic systems that are usually controlled by a single locus with multiple specificities (haplotypes) consisting of two (or more) genes responsible for stigma and pollen reactions. In gametophytic SI (GSI), compatibility results if the haplotype of the pollen is different from both haplotypes of the diploid stigma. When individuals share one haplotype, the reaction is compatible but only one type of pollen fertilizes; that is, an individual of genotype S i S j can be fertilized by pollen carrying S k from an S i S k individual but not by pollen carrying S i . In sporophytic SI (SSI), the diploid pollen parent determines the phenotype of all pollen, and growth of the pollen is averted if this phenotype matches with the phenotype determined by the genotype of the diploid stigma.

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“…the spontaneous hatching of a small proportion of unfertilized eggs in a normally sexually reproducing species; White 1964White , 1973Suomalainen et al 1987). Tychoparthenogenesis is widespread in sexual invertebrates (Bell 1982) and has also been reported in vertebrate species (Chapman et al 2007;Lampert 2008;Schut et al 2008); it is presumed to occur because errors during the meiotic divisions can result in the production of diploid instead of haploid oocytes. Diploidy in these oocytes is usually restored either by fusion of one of the three polar bodies with the oocyte or an additional step of chromosome duplication ('automixis'; White 1964White , 1973Suomalainen et al 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive feedback in the transition from sexual reproduction to parthenogenesis

et al. 2010

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Understanding how new phenotypes evolve is challenging because intermediate stages in transitions from ancestral to derived phenotypes often remain elusive. Here we describe and evaluate a new mechanism facilitating the transition from sexual reproduction to parthenogenesis. In many sexually reproducing species, a small proportion of unfertilized eggs can hatch spontaneously ('tychoparthenogenesis') and develop into females. Using an analytical model, we show that if females are mate-limited, tychoparthenogenesis can result in the loss of males through a positive feedback mechanism whereby tychoparthenogenesis generates female-biased sex ratios and increasing mate limitation. As a result, the strength of selection for tychoparthenogenesis increases in concert with the proportion of tychoparthenogenetic offspring in the sexual population. We then tested the hypothesis that mate limitation selects for tychoparthenogenesis and generates female-biased sex ratios, using data from natural populations of sexually reproducing Timema stick insects. Across 41 populations, both the tychoparthenogenesis rates and the proportions of females increased exponentially as the density of individuals decreased, consistent with the idea that low densities of individuals result in mate limitation and selection for reproductive insurance through tychoparthenogenesis. Our model and data from Timema populations provide evidence for a simple mechanism through which parthenogenesis can evolve rapidly in a sexual population.

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Evolution of homomorphic sporophytic self-incompatibility

Cited by 63 publications

References 40 publications

Inbreeding depression in self-incompatible and self-compatible populations of Leavenworthia alabamica

Inbreeding depression in self-incompatible and self-compatible populations of Leavenworthia alabamica

Selection at Work in Self-Incompatible Arabidopsis lyrata: Mating Patterns in a Natural Population

Positive feedback in the transition from sexual reproduction to parthenogenesis

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