Evolution of homeobox genes: Q 50 Paired-like genes founded the Paired class

Galliot, Brigitte; Vargas, Colomban de; Miller, David J.

doi:10.1007/s004270050243

Cited by 170 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In previous work, we showed that the PRD-CLASS homeogene prdl-a, related to the pairedlike aristaless family Galliot et al (1999), is expressed in precursors to nerve cells and neurons of the apical region Gauchat et al (1998). Further examination of the prdl-a expression pattern showed that this gene is indeed predominantly expressed in neurons located in the ectodermal layer of the apical region but also in the body column, in scattered cells that show interstitial and nerve cell morphology ( Fig.…”

Section: Prdl-a Msh and Tsp1 Are Regulatory Genes Expressed During mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The second is the MADS-box transcription factor, SRF (Serum Response Factor) that is expressed in interstitial cells as well as dividing nematoblasts Hoffmann and Kroiher (2001). The third one is a paired-like homeogene related to the aristaless family, encoding a homeodomain highly similar to that of prdl-a and therefore named prdl-b Gauchat et al (1998), Galliot et al (1999).…”

Section: Prdl-b and Hycoup-th Are Regulatory Genes Expressed In Both mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuronal evolution: analysis of regulatory genes in a first-evolved nervous system, the hydra nervous system

2004

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Cnidarians represent the first animal phylum with an organized nervous system and a complex active behavior. The hydra nervous system is formed of sensory-motoneurons, ganglia neurons and mechanoreceptor cells named nematocytes, which all differentiate from a common stem cell. The neurons are organized as a nerve net and a subset of neurons participate in a more complex structure, the nerve ring that was identified in most cnidarian species at the base of the tentacles. In order to better understand the genetic control of this neuronal network, we analysed the expression of evolutionarily-conserved regulatory genes in the hydra nervous system. The PRD-CLASS homeogene, prdl-b, and the nuclear orphan receptor, hyCOUP-TF, are expressed at strong levels in proliferating nematoblasts, a lineage where they were found repressed during patterning and morphogenesis, and at low levels in distinct subsets of neurons. Interestingly, PRD-CLASS homeobox and COUP-TF genes are also expressed during neurogenesis in bilaterians, suggesting that mechanoreceptor and neuronal cells derive from a common ancestral cell. Moreover, the PRD-CLASS homeobox gene prdl-a, the ANTP-CLASS homeobox gene msh, and the thrombospondin-related gene TSP1, which are expressed in distinct subset of neurons in the adult polyp, are also expressed during early budding and/or head regeneration. These data strengthen the fact that two distinct regulations, one for neurogenesis and another for patterning, already apply to these regulatory genes, a feature also identified in bilaterian related-genes.

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Section: Prdl-a Msh and Tsp1 Are Regulatory Genes Expressed During mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Prdl-b and Hycoup-th Are Regulatory Genes Expressed In Both mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal evolution: analysis of regulatory genes in a first-evolved nervous system, the hydra nervous system

2004

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“…Homeobox genes are categorized on the basis of encoded amino acid similarity within the homeodomain. The 146 member paired class, named after the Drosophila paired gene, is the second largest class of homeobox genes (Galliot et al, 1999). Two subclasses of paired-type homeobox genes exist: those that contain the paired-type homeodomain as well as the paired domain (e.g., Pax3, Pax6, and Pax7) and those that contain only the paired-type homeodomain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two subclasses of paired-type homeobox genes exist: those that contain the paired-type homeodomain as well as the paired domain (e.g., Pax3, Pax6, and Pax7) and those that contain only the paired-type homeodomain. Members of the latter category include the paired-related homeobox genes, Prx1 and Prx2, as well as Pitx1, Alx4, and Cart1 (Galliot et al, 1999;Meijlink et al, 1999). Much is known about the gene structure, chromosomal localization, and RNA expression pattern of Prx1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Prx1 protein expression provides evidence for conservation of cardiac‐specific posttranscriptional regulation in vertebrates

Chesterman

Gainey

Varn

et al. 2001

Developmental Dynamics

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Gene targeting experiments have defined that the homeobox gene Prx1 is essential for normal craniofacial, limb, and vascular development. Although its RNA expression pattern is well established, Prx1 protein expression in the developing embryo has not been examined. A novel Prx1 antibody was produced to define the normal Prx1 protein expression pattern in the developing mouse embryo. In craniofacial and limb mesenchyme, Prx1 protein expression is consistent with previously published data on RNA localization. However, a remarkable discrepancy was found in cardiac tissue. Prx1 protein is undetectable in the murine embryonic and adult heart, despite the presence of Prx1 transcripts. These data demonstrate that Prx1 expression is posttranscriptionally regulated. This discrepancy between the presence of Prx1 transcript and the absence of detectable protein was also observed in embryonic chick heart, suggesting conservation of the regulatory mechanism in vertebrates. This observation provides a new explanation of why the Prx null mice lack cardiac malformations.

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“…It is also likely that human NKX2. 3, NKX2.5, and NKX2.6 are orthologues of Drosophila tin, although sequence similarity is less clear (4, 5). Existence of these human genes implies that the tandem duplications that produced these various NK-related genes had occurred before the divergence of humans and Drosophila and, by implication, before the separation of the Deuterostomia and Ecdysozoa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal of NK homeobox gene clusters in amphioxus and humans

Luke

Castro

McLay

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113

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The Drosophila melanogaster genome has six physically clustered NK-related homeobox genes in just 180 kb. Here we show that the NK homeobox gene cluster was an ancient feature of bilaterian animal genomes, but has been secondarily split in chordate ancestry. The NK homeobox gene clusters of amphioxus and vertebrates are each split and dispersed at two equivalent intergenic positions. From the ancestral NK gene cluster, only the Tlx-Lbx and NK3-NK4 linkages have been retained in chordates. This evolutionary pattern is in marked contrast to the Hox and ParaHox gene clusters, which are compact in amphioxus and vertebrates, but have been disrupted in Drosophila.T he Drosophila melanogaster 93D͞E or NK gene cluster contains six homeobox genes: tinman (tin, NK4), bagpipe (bap, NK3), ladybird late (lbl), ladybird early (lbe), C15 (93Bal), and slouch (slou, NK1) in a gene cluster spanning just 180 kb (1, 2). All six genes possess homeobox sequences of the ANTP class (3), forming a distinct clade within this class along with several NK-related genes (4). The similarity of the genes and their clustered arrangement indicates that they arose through a series of tandem gene duplications, in an analogous way to the Hox gene cluster. We deduce that the NK homeobox gene cluster is ancient, dating at least to the base of the Bilateria. The reasoning is based on the phylogenetic distribution of these genes. Animals from very divergent evolutionary lineages have orthologues of each Drosophila NK gene (except for lbl and lbe, which are recent tandem duplicates). For example, human NKX3.1 and NKX3.2 (BAPX1) genes are orthologues of Drosophila bap, LBX1 and LBX2 genes are orthologues of the ancestral ladybird gene, two human genes equivalent to mouse Nkx1.1 and Nkx1.2 are orthologues of slou, and TLX1, TLX2, and TLX3 (the HOX11 family) are orthologues of C15 (4). It is also likely that human NKX2. 3, NKX2.5, and NKX2.6 are orthologues of Drosophila tin, although sequence similarity is less clear (4, 5). Existence of these human genes implies that the tandem duplications that produced these various NK-related genes had occurred before the divergence of humans and Drosophila and, by implication, before the separation of the Deuterostomia and Ecdysozoa. Therefore, Drosophila NK (and related) genes have remained a tight gene cluster since the origin of these genes Ͼ500 million years (Myr) ago, which implies the existence of a selective reason for the gene clustering in Drosophila.

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Evolution of homeobox genes: Q 50 Paired-like genes founded the Paired class

Cited by 170 publications

References 52 publications

Neuronal evolution: analysis of regulatory genes in a first-evolved nervous system, the hydra nervous system

Neuronal evolution: analysis of regulatory genes in a first-evolved nervous system, the hydra nervous system

Investigation of Prx1 protein expression provides evidence for conservation of cardiac‐specific posttranscriptional regulation in vertebrates

Dispersal of NK homeobox gene clusters in amphioxus and humans

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