Evolution of Heat Shock Protein Expression in a Natural Population of Daphnia magna

Pauwels, Kevin; Stoks,; Decaestecker,; Meester, De

doi:10.2307/4541150

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Differences between studies may be explained by clone‐dependent responses or the fact that the latter study imposed acute rather than chronic exposure to predation risk which may affect the strength of the response (Lima & Bednekoff 1999). Predation risk did not affect Hsp60 levels, which is in concordance with previous findings on these clones (Pauwels et al. 2007), and energy storage as measured by triglyceride.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enhanced anti‐predator defence in the presence of food stress in the water flea Daphnia magna

Pauwels¹,

Stoks

Meester

2010

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Many prey organisms show adaptive trait shifts in response to predation. These responses are often studied under benign conditions, yet energy stress may be expected to interfere with optimal shifts in trait values. 2. We exposed the water flea Daphnia magna to fish predation and food stress and quantified both life history responses as well as physiological responses (metabolic rate, stress proteins, energy storage and immune function) to explore the architecture of defence strategies in the face of the combined stressors and the occurrence of trade-offs associated with energy constraints. 3. All traits studied showed either an overall or clone-dependent response to food stress. The chronic response to predation risk was less strong for the measured physiological traits than for life history traits, and stronger under food stress than under benign conditions for age at maturity, intrinsic population growth rate and offspring performance (measured as juvenile growth). Immune function (measured as phenoloxidase activity) was lower under predation risk but only at high food, probably because minimum levels were maintained at low food. 4. Overall, food stress induced stronger adaptive predator-induced responses, whereas more energy was invested in reproduction under benign conditions at the cost of being less defended. Our results suggest that food stress may increase the capacity to cope with predation risk and underscore the importance of integrating responses to different stressors and traits, and show how responses towards one stressor can have consequences for the susceptibility to other stressors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enhanced anti‐predator defence in the presence of food stress in the water flea Daphnia magna

Pauwels¹,

Stoks

Meester

2010

Functional Ecology

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“…On the other hand, it has also been shown that the synthesis of heat shock proteins under prolonged and continuous stimulation by the predator cue is lower than during the acute predation exposure 22 . Moreover, in some cases the level of stress proteins is not correlated with predation risk 40 . The heat shock protein reduction observed in our study potentially exposes prey to the disturbance of homeostasis, however, the TBARS level was not increased in any experimental treatment, suggesting the lack of negative consequences of this physiological modification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuity of chronic predation risk determines changes in prey physiology

Jermacz

Kletkiewicz

Nowakowska

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Prey reconfigure their physiology to avoid costs of prolonged predator pressure. However, these changes might not occur under periodic predation risk, with repeating acute phases. To test the effect of predation risk continuity on changes in prey physiology, we exposed amphipods: Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii to periodic and constant predation cue. After one week, we measured: cellular defence systems: total antioxidant status (TAS), heat shock proteins (Hsp70); intracellular damage marker: lipid peroxidation (TBARS); condition index: glycogen concentration. Predator presence reduced TAS level in G. jazdzewskii independent of its continuity and in D. villosus after periodic exposure. Amphipods showed downregulation of Hsp70 when exposed to periodic (D. villosus) or constant (G. jazdzewskii) predation risk. Exposure to predators reduced TBARS level in D. villosus (irrespective of the continuity) and G. jazdzewskii (periodic exposure). Glycogen concentration in both species was not affected by predator presence. Thus, the continuity of the predator cue shaped prey physiology reconfiguration, optimizing costs of physiological adjustments under challenging conditions. Nevertheless, the lack of negative consequences of the prolonged exposure to the predator cue, whether constant or periodic, shows that amphipods can thrive under chronic predation risk, which is a constant part of the wild environment.

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“…Studies on diverse taxa such as rats, goldfish, and water fleas did report such predator‐induced induction (see Introduction). However, the pattern is not general, as in one species, Daphnia magna , mixed results were obtained with different clones showing an increase, decrease or no response to predation risk (Pijanowska & Kloc, 2004; Pauwels et al , 2005, 2007). We hypothesise that given the high constitutive stress protein levels in E. najas , a further increase in the presence of predators may be too costly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it has been demonstrated that stress proteins are upregulated under predator stress in goldfish (Kagawa et al , 1999; Kagawa & Mugiya, 2000), rats (Fleshner et al , 2004), and in the water flea Daphnia (Pauwels et al , 2005). Yet, this upregulation is not general and may be absent (Pauwels et al , 2007) or stress proteins may even be downregulated under predation risk (Pijanowska & Kloc, 2004; Pauwels et al , 2005). Stress protein production is likely a response to the accelerated cellular metabolism under predation risk, and the associated increased challenge to maintain homeostasis (Sørensen et al , 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural activity levels and expression of stress proteins under predation risk in two damselfly species

Slos

Meester

Stoks

2009

Ecological Entomology

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1. It has become apparent that predators may strongly decrease prey fitness without direct contact with the prey, as they induce the development of defence systems that limit the availability of energy for growth and reproduction. Recent studies suggest that stress proteins may help prey organisms deal with this stress. The pattern is not general, however, and little is known about species differences in physiological traits in coping with predator stress, and covariation of physiological with other antipredator traits.2. To explore these issues, we quantified levels of constitutive and fish-induced stress proteins (Hsp60 and Hsp70) and anti-predator behaviours in larvae of two damselfly species that differ in lifestyle. Both stress proteins were fixed at higher levels in Erythromma najas , which has a slow lifestyle, than in Lestes sponsa , which has a fast lifestyle. Similarly, anti-predator behaviours were fixed at safer levels in E. najas than in L. sponsa .3. These results suggest that stress proteins may be part of anti-predator syndromes of damselfly larvae, and there may be trait co-specialisation between stress proteins and behavioural anti-predator traits. Studies formally testing these hypotheses in more species may prove rewarding in advancing our understanding of the functional integration of physiological anti-predator traits in relation to the prey's lifestyle.

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Evolution of Heat Shock Protein Expression in a Natural Population of Daphnia magna

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Enhanced anti‐predator defence in the presence of food stress in the water flea Daphnia magna

Enhanced anti‐predator defence in the presence of food stress in the water flea Daphnia magna

Continuity of chronic predation risk determines changes in prey physiology

Behavioural activity levels and expression of stress proteins under predation risk in two damselfly species

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