Evolution of Graphene Patterning: From Dimension Regulation to Molecular Engineering

Abstract

The realization that nanostructured graphene featuring nanoscale width can confine electrons to open its bandgap has aroused scientists’ attention to the regulation of graphene structures, where the concept of graphene patterns emerged. Exploring various effective methods for creating graphene patterns has led to the birth of a new field termed graphene patterning, which has evolved into the most vigorous and intriguing branch of graphene research during the past decade. The efforts in this field have resulted in the development of numerous strategies to structure graphene, affording a variety of graphene patterns with tailored shapes and sizes. The established patterning approaches combined with graphene chemistry yields a novel chemical patterning route via molecular engineering, which opens up a new era in graphene research. In this review, the currently developed graphene patterning strategies is systematically outlined, with emphasis on the chemical patterning. In addition to introducing the basic concepts and the important progress of traditional methods, which are generally categorized into top‐down, bottom‐up technologies, an exhaustive review of established protocols for emerging chemical patterning is presented. At the end, an outlook for future development and challenges is proposed.

Advanced unconventional techniques for sub‐100 nm nanopatterning

“…One of the more well‐known examples is that of graphene, which has high electron mobility 148 . However, the related electronic applications for graphene‐based semiconductors are currently limited due to its deficient band gap.…”

“…One of the more well-known examples is that of graphene, which has high electron mobility. 148 However, the related electronic applications for graphene-based semiconductors are currently limited due to its deficient band gap. Myungwoong Kim et al 25 patterned graphene-based 2D quantum well antidot lattices using BCP lithography resulting in sub-20 nm features across >1 mm 2 areas.…”

RIS-Assisted Visible Light Communication Systems: A Tutorial

“…In the visible region, materials such as Sapphire, Quartz, polydimethylsiloxane, and graphene can be used as indicated in [126]. The authors in [127] and [128] highlighted suspended nano disk, reconfigurable color filters based on suspended rectangular and elliptical lithium niobate (LiNbO3) on Si substrate, coated with a mirror layer; nanowire with ultra-low refractive index; tuning can also be performed by varying the helicity of the incident light.…”

A Review of Performance Prediction Based on Machine Learning in Materials Science

“…Materials science, which has experienced a series of stages (from natural materials to independent synthesis, from direct usage to the study of their components, from common technology to artificial intelligence), occupies a crucial place in human history. Today, more and more emerging materials (graphene [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], perovskite [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], etc.) with special structures (MOF [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], COF [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], etc.)…”