Evolution of fuzzy logic: from intelligent systems and computation to human mind

Abstract

Inspired by human's remarkable capability to perform a wide variety of physical and mental tasks without any measurements and computations and dissatisfied with classical logic as a tool for modeling human reasoning in an imprecise environment, Lotfi A. Zadeh developed the theory and foundation of fuzzy logic with his 1965 paper "Fuzzy sets" (Zadeh in Inf Control 8:378-53, 1965) and extended his work with his 2005 paper "Toward a generalized theory of uncertainty (GTU)-an outline" (Zadeh in Inf Control, 2005). Fuzzy logic has at least two main sources over the past century. The first of these sources was initiated by Peirce in the form what he called a logic of vagueness in 1900s, and the second source is Lotfi's A. Zadeh work, fuzzy sets and fuzzy Logic in the 1960s and 1970s.

The Metaphysical Character of the Criticisms Raised Against the Use of Probability for Dealing with Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence

“…The tangible effect of the lack of a philosophical analysis of the non-adequacy claim is that part of the AI community is nowadays convinced that the introduction of alternative method represents a paradigm shift (Blair1999; Nikravesh 2007). Yet, a paradigm shift requires that an insolvable anomaly is spotted in the current paradigm.…”

مدل هوشمند تطبیقی عصبی ـ فازی در برآورد ضریب رفتار سازه‌ی فولادی با پیکربندیمهاربندی واگرا تحت زلزله‌هایحوزه‌ی نزدیک پالس‌گونه

“…|oO=U CyH x@ "O=O u=Wv = Q |@ wN j=@]v= u}W}B C=ar=]t =@ Q_=vDt Q}O=kt =@ xOt; xOt; CUO x@ Q=DiQ ?} Q[ '|vqw] u=tR hQY x@ R=}v sOa w |]NQ}e p}rLD QO w OyO VWwB = Q |OQmrta h=Oy= R= |QDxOQDUo |xvt=O Ov=wD|t |]N p}rLD R= [8] [9] [11] [12] "Ovm|t p}tLD xR=U Q@ = Q |yHwD p@=k |}xRQr |=yR=}v 'l}ORv |xRwL |xrRrR [21] [20] [26] "OvW=@ xDW=O |WvQm |oOWCNU xrtH R= 'Ovw}B Q}D |L=Q] "OvwW|t |L=Q] Ovw}B Q}D |WQ@ Ctw=kt =@ Q_=vDt |}xRQr |=yQ=@ Q@=Q@ QO "CU=yOv@Q=yt x@=Wt Ovw}B R= GQ=N |=yQ}D =@ Ovw}B |=yQ}D u=UWmQ}e MU=B '= Qo =w |Ov@Q=yt |Ov@Qm}B =@ |=y?=k QO xOW pOt [27] '2015 u= Q=mty w 19 |O= R; 'EL 3 w EL 1 \=kv u}vJty "Ovm|t =@ Ovw}B Q}D R= GQ=N |=yQ}D w =yOv@ Q=yt '=yuwDU '=yQ}D [27] [29] [3634] "CU= Ovw}B Q}D |= Q@ |WtN w |WtN |WtN CQwYx@ '2=6 M p =V p R= QDq=@ Q}O=kt |= Q@ &|WQ@ CQwYx@ Q}D Q=DiQ [37] [29] 'ASCE41 13…”

IoFClime: The fuzzy logic and the Internet of Things to control indoor temperature regarding the outdoor ambient conditions

“…Common sense allows us to take decisions quickly although they are not always the best ones. For example, in the past, we thought that the Earth was flat due to common sense [5]. Moreover, common sense provides a way to get solutions to problems with incomplete or imprecise information whereas classical logic is better to resolve problems well defined.…”

“…Whereas human reason uses words, computers use numbers [5]. Moreover, even though the logic applied by humans seems more primitive, they can make better decisions in the real-world when an unexpected problem appears.…”

“…Moreover, even though the logic applied by humans seems more primitive, they can make better decisions in the real-world when an unexpected problem appears. Computing with words could improve the capability of computers to deal with problems of real-world and thus, improving decision making [5].…”