Evolution of fuel nitrogen in coal devolatilization

Solomon, P.R.; Colket, Meredith B.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(78)90133-3

Cited by 180 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…During pyrolysis, part of the fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) is released with the devolatilizing gases while the remainder is retained in the solid char to be released during subsequent gasification/combustion of the char [165,166]. The allocation of fuel-N to volatiles and char is dictated by temperature [160,[167][168][169][170], particle size [168], fuel type [160], residence time [168,170], heating rate [171], and pressure [171]. Temperature, fuel type, and particle size, are the dominant factors in this allocation while heating rate and pressure only have a minor effect.…”

Section: Effect Of Blending Coal and Biomass/waste On No X And N 2 O mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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Abstract:Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world's energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates and discusses issues associated with the thermal conversion of coal and biomass as a blend. Most notable topics reviewed are slagging and fouling caused by the relatively reactive alkali and alkaline earth compounds (K 2 O, Na 2 O and CaO) found in biomass ash. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) present and dispersed in biomass fuels induce catalytic activity during co-conversion with coal. The catalytic activity is most noticeable when blended with high rank coals. The synergy during co-conversion is still controversial although it has been theorized that biomass acts like a hydrogen donor in liquefaction. Published literature also shows that coal and biomass exhibit different mechanisms, depending on the operating conditions, for the formation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur species. Utilization aspects of fly ash from blending coal and biomass are discussed. Recommendations are made on pretreatment options to increase the energy density of biomass fuels through pelletization, torrefaction and flash pyrolysis to reduce transportation costs.

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Section: Effect Of Blending Coal and Biomass/waste On No X And N 2 O mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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“…Fuel-bound nitrogen is the major source of NO in pulverized coal combustion, typically accounting for more than 80% of total NO emissions (Pershing et a1., 1977(Pershing et a1., , 1979Wendt et a1., 1977) and conversion of fuel nitrogen to NO was observed to be independent of temperature in diffusion flames. A temperature effect on the initial first stage NO formation rate was, however, identified by Solomon et al (1978), Song et al (1977), and Kremer et al (1986) in premixed coal flames.…”

Section: Pollutant Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulverized coal combustion: Fuel nitrogen mechanisms in the rich post-flame

Bose

Wendt

1989

Symposium (International) on Combustion

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“…5 The mechanism of the conversion of the nitrogen remaining in the solid char after pyrolysis is less well understood. 3,6,7 This nitrogen is retained in the char primarily as pyridine and quaternary nitrogen species although pyrrole and N-oxide are also observed. 8,9 These nitrogen surface species can then be converted to N 2 , NO, and N 2 O in the second stage of combustion after reacting with O 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Density Functional Theory to the Study of the Reaction of NO with Char-Bound Nitrogen during Combustion

2000

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The reaction of NO with char-bound nitrogen was studied using four model structures to represent the nitrogen left with the char when coal is devolatilized. The calculations were carried out to simulate combustion conditions resulting in the absence and presence of preadsorbed oxygen on the char. Density Functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level was used to optimize the geometries of reactants, NO adsorption complexes, and products. Schematic energy profiles for each reaction were obtained in order to elucidate mechanisms for N 2 O evolution. We found that the NO molecule reacts with char-containing nitrogen to release predominantly N 2 and CO to the gas phase. For the model char structures studied, the presence of adsorbed oxygen on the char-containing nitrogen enhances the reduction of the NO molecule to N 2 as a predominant product of the reaction, but N 2 O can also be released as a minor nitrogen product.

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Evolution of fuel nitrogen in coal devolatilization

Cited by 180 publications

References 14 publications

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

Pulverized coal combustion: Fuel nitrogen mechanisms in the rich post-flame

Application of Density Functional Theory to the Study of the Reaction of NO with Char-Bound Nitrogen during Combustion

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