Evolution of extreme-mating behaviour: patterns of extrapair paternity in a species with forced extrapair copulation

Brekke, Patricia; Cassey, Phillip; Ariani, Cristina V.; Ewen, John G.

doi:10.1007/s00265-013-1522-9

Cited by 36 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Moreover, sexual coercion is not uncommon in birds and may be costly for females (McKinney & Evarts ; Brekke et al. ). Thus, in some species, most EPCs are resisted by females (Björklund & Westman ; Alatalo et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there may be costs involved for females in engaging in EPCs due to reduced mate contribution to parental care (Arnqvist & Kirkpatrick 2005) or to sexually transmitted diseases (Poiani & Wilks 2000). Moreover, sexual coercion is not uncommon in birds and may be costly for females (McKinney & Evarts 1998;Brekke et al 2013). Thus, in some species, most EPCs are resisted by females (Bj€ orklund & Westman 1983;Alatalo et al 1987) and have low fertilization success (Dunn et al 1999;Birkhead et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extra-Pair Paternity Declines with Female Age and Wing Length in the Pied Flycatcher

et al. 2015

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Despite many studies of how male characteristics affect paternity in predominantly monogamous birds, relatively little attention has been given to the traits of females that may influence extra‐pair paternity (EPP). However, the occurrence of EPP may be the result of behavioural interactions in which both male and female traits are important for determining the outcome. If EPP is driven mainly by female choice of extra‐pair sires, older, more experienced or larger females would be better able to evade mate guarding tactics and more capable of selecting extra‐pair mates and resisting unwanted suitors. This would be especially noticeable in females paired with unattractive mates. On the other hand, if EPP is driven mainly by male pursuit, we should expect that young, inexperienced or small females would be more exposed to coercive male approaches independently of social mate traits. In a study of an Iberian population of the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, we found that EPP affected 38% of the broods and 17% of the nestlings. These values are relatively high, allowing a relatively large number of affected within‐pair mates to be included. We found that EPP is related to both female and male traits although not to any interaction between male and female traits. EPP was higher at nests tended by both younger and short‐winged females and by browner males. Older females may be more experienced and dominant while long‐winged females may be faster fliers, these traits enabling them to avoid extra‐pair copulations, while brown males are less aggressive towards male intruders. In our study population, EPP appears to be caused by male pursuit, which in some cases may overwhelm female attempts to avoid extra‐pair copulations and their social partner's ability to prevent them.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extra-Pair Paternity Declines with Female Age and Wing Length in the Pied Flycatcher

et al. 2015

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“…This female control may happen at different stages of the breeding cycle: before copulation; during copulation; after copulation but before fertilisation and following fertilisation (e.g. Wagner 1991; Birkhead and Møller 1993; Graves et al 1993; Wagner et al 2004; Adler 2010; Brekke et al 2013). The behavioural control observed in the mentioned auks, including the little auk, is probably the earliest possible and most appropriate in colonial breeding conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different tactics, one goal: initial reproductive investments of males and females in a small Arctic seabird

Wojczulanis‐Jakubas

Jakubas

Chastel

2014

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Despite a great number of studies on extra-pair paternity in birds, the actual roles of males and females in extra-pair contacts is poorly understood, as detailed behavioural studies comparing the reproductive performance of the two sexes prior to egg laying are relatively scarce. Here, we investigated mating behaviour (copulations and aggressive interactions), time budget and body condition (size-adjusted body mass and baseline corticosterone level) in the little auk (Alle alle), a monogamous and highly colonial, Arctic seabird. We performed the study in a large breeding colony of the little auk in Hornsund (Spitsbergen). We found that the males frequently attempted extra-pair copulations (EPCs), although these contacts were almost always unsuccessful, mostly because of the females’ rejection behaviour. These results clearly indicate that genetic monogamy is maintained through female control. Nevertheless, males tried to protect their paternity by staying in close proximity to their females and aggressively intervening when their mates became involved in EPCs. Compared to females, males also spent more time in the colony guarding nest sites. Despite the apparent sex differences in the time budget and frequency of aggressive interactions, body condition was similar in the two sexes, indicating comparable parental investments during the mating period.

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“…During this study, parentage and siblings were assigned based on social relationships. Although there is variable extra-pair paternity in hihi (Ewen, Armstrong and Lambert, 1999; Brekke et al , 2013), all nest-mates were most likely to be at least maternal-siblings (there is no evidence of conspecific brood parasitism in hihi) and the social male cares for the offspring in his nest (Ewen and Armstrong, 2000). The first year of our study (2015) was a poorer breeding season than 2016 and 2017 (2015: 89 fledglings; 2016: 132 fledglings; 2017: 151 fledglings); thus, we accounted for year in any analyses using combined data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One of the gang: social group dynamics in a juvenile passerine bird

Franks

Ewen

McCready

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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17Living in groups comes with many potential benefits, especially for juveniles. Naïve individuals may learn 18 how to forage, or avoid predators through group vigilance. Understanding these benefits, however, 19 requires an appreciation of the opportunities juveniles have to associate with (and learn from) others. 20Here we describe social groups in terms of residency, movement, relatedness, and social associations 21 from the perspective of juvenile hihi, a threatened New Zealand passerine bird. Over three years, we 22 identified individuals in groups, their relatedness, and behavioural interactions. Using multistate 23 analysis, we compared movement and residency of adults and juveniles and found that groups were 24 composed predominately of juveniles which remained at group sites for longer than more transient 25 adults. Movement of juveniles between groups did occur but was generally low. There was no evidence 26 that siblings and parents were likely to be seen in groups together. With an initial understanding of group 27 structure, we next asked what characteristics predicted assortment in social network associations. By 28 identifying groups of co-occurring juveniles from time-stamped observations of individual hihi and 29 building a social network, we found that juveniles were most likely to associate with other juveniles. 30Associations were also predominantly based on locations where hihi spent the most time, reflecting 31 limited movement among separate groups. We suggest groups are best described as "gangs" where 32 young hihi have little interaction with adults. These spatially-separated groups of juveniles may have 33 consequences for social information use during the first few months of independence in young birds. 77between juveniles only, interactions can include "social play" (documented in species such as ravens 78 (Heinrich and Smolker, 1998)), where at least two individuals engage in a reciprocated behaviour and 79 alternate between roles, and potentially share information (Diamond and Bond, 2003). However, the 80 presence of many naïve individuals in gangs could increase the risk of associating with misinformed 81 peers, especially if some individuals are more social than others (Pruitt et al., 2016). Across the animal 82 kingdom, genetically-related groups such as crèches promote associations between parents and 83 offspring (Balda and Balda, 1978; Clayton and Emery, 2007) that allow for learning (e.g. European shags 84 Phalacrocorax aristotelis: Velando, 2001; ravens Corvus corax: Schwab et al., 2008; vervet monkeys 85 Chlorocebus pygerythrus: van de Waal, Bshary and Whiten, 2014) and can even facilitate teaching (e.g. 86 meerkats Suricata suricatta (Thornton, 2006; Thornton and Raihani, 2010)). Alternately, some studies 87 suggest associations with non-kin can still be beneficial as these individuals may have a different range 88 of experiences (Hatch and Lefebvre, 1997). Describing group structures and understanding how these 89 affect associations should therefore help us to understand...

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Evolution of extreme-mating behaviour: patterns of extrapair paternity in a species with forced extrapair copulation

Cited by 36 publications

References 56 publications

Extra-Pair Paternity Declines with Female Age and Wing Length in the Pied Flycatcher

Extra-Pair Paternity Declines with Female Age and Wing Length in the Pied Flycatcher

Different tactics, one goal: initial reproductive investments of males and females in a small Arctic seabird

One of the gang: social group dynamics in a juvenile passerine bird

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