Evolution of Electron Phase-Space Holes in a 2D Magnetized Plasma

Oppenheim, M. M.; Newman, D. L.; Goldman, M. V.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.2344

Cited by 113 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, in three-dimensional unmagnetized plasmas, it has been shown that fully localized solitary wave solutions do not exist if the ambient plasma is isotropic (Chen, 2002). Several simulation studies have shown that in more than one dimension, bipolar IES are short-lived if the magnetic field is zero or so weak that the cyclotron frequency is less than the plasma frequency (Morse and Nielson, 1969;Oppenheim et al, 1999;Muschietti et al, 2000). In space, however, bipolar IES have been observed in much weaker magnetic fields than what is thought possible by simulation and theoretical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been numerous reports of observations of isolated electrostatic structures (IES), also referred to as solitary waves and electrostatic solitary waves, and their onsets in the dynamical regions of the Earth's magnetosphere (Franz et al, 1998;Kojima et al, 1999;Franz, 2000;Cattell et al, 2003;Lakhina et al, 2003;and references therein), as well as of theoretical (Schamel, 1986;Muschietti et al, 1999a,b;Chen and Parks, 2002a,b; and simulation (Omura et al, 1996;Oppenheim et al, 1999;Muschietti et al, 2000;Singh, 2000;Singh et al, 2000) studies of IES. However, no observational studies on how bipolar IES characteristics depend on the local magnetic field strength have been carried out, and there have been no systematic studies on tripolar IES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolated electrostatic structures observed throughout the Cluster orbit: relationship to magnetic field strength

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Isolated electrostatic structures are observed throughout much of the 4 R E by 19.6 R E Cluster orbit. These structures are observed in the Wideband plasma wave instrument's waveform data as bipolar pulses (one positive and one negative peak in the electric field amplitude) and tripolar pulses (two positive and one negative peak, or vice versa). These structures are observed at all of the boundary layers, in the solar wind and magnetosheath, and along auroral field lines at 4.5-6.5 R E . Using the Wideband waveform data from the various Cluster spacecraft we have carried out a survey of the amplitudes and time durations of these structures and how these quantities vary with the local magnetic field strength. Such a survey has not been carried out before, and it reveals certain characteristics of solitary structures in a finite magnetic field, a topic still inadequately addressed by theories. We find that there is a broad range of electric field amplitudes at any specific magnetic field strength, and there is a general trend for the electric field amplitudes to increase as the strength of the magnetic field increases over a range of 5 to 500 nT. We provide a possible explanation for this trend that relates to the structures being Bernstein-GreeneKruskal mode solitary waves. There is no corresponding dependence of the duration of the structures on the magnetic field strength, although a plot of these two quantities reveals the unexpected result that with the exception of the magnetosheath, all of the time durations for all of the other regions are comparable, whereas the magnetosheath time durations clearly are in a different category of much smaller time duration. We speculate that this implies that the structures are much smaller in size. The distinctly different pulse durations for the magnetosheath pulses indicate the possibility that the pulses are generated by a mechanism which is different from the mechanism operating in other regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated electrostatic structures observed throughout the Cluster orbit: relationship to magnetic field strength

et al. 2004

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“…A numerical study [11] shows, however, that the sideband instability may be less effective than previously thought, so that surfing acceleration can have the time to take place. In multiple spatial dimensions, the phase space holes seem to be unstable and disintegrate, while computer simulations with strong magnetic fields indicate that standing electron holes can be stabilized and form phase space tubes perpendicular to the magnetic field direction [16], and where the stabilization of the electron holes occur if the electron gyrofrequency is larger than the bouncing frequency of the trapped electrons [17]. On the other hand, propagating electron holes can be destabilized by a magnetic field which is aligned perpendicular to the propagation direction [18], if the electron gyrofrequency is of the order of 10% of the electron plasma frequency, while PIC simulations where the gyrofrequency is 1% of the plasma frequency makes the electron hole more stable and an efficient surfing acceleration has the time to take place, which is needed for the Fermi acceleration at shocks [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation study of surfing acceleration in magnetized space plasmas

Eliasson¹,

Dieckmann²,

Shukła

2005

New J. Phys.

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Abstract. We present a numerical study of the surfing mechanism in which electrons are trapped in Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes, and are accelerated across the magnetic field direction by the Lorentz force in magnetized space plasmas. The BGK modes are the product of an ion-beam Buneman instability that excites large-amplitude electrostatic upper-hybrid waves in the plasma. Our study, which is performed with particle-in-cell (PIC) and Vlasov codes, reveals the stability of the BGK mode as a function of the magnetic field strength and the ion beam speed. It is found that the surfing acceleration is more effective for a weaker magnetic field owing to the longer lifetime of the BGK modes. The importance of our investigation to electron acceleration in astrophysical environments has been emphasized. Contents

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“…Therefore, the auroral observations of electron holes, which are powered by the electron beams, imply the presence of double layers below the observing satellites in the ADCR and above the satellite in the AUCR. Comparisons of the properties of EHs observed by satellites with those seen in simulations of electron beam plasma interactions Miyake et al, 1998Miyake et al, , 2000Omura et al, 1994Omura et al, , 1996Oppenheim et al, 1999;Singh et al, 2000Singh et al, , 2001aSingh et al, , 2001bUmeda et al, 2002Umeda et al, , 2004 as well as in simulations of DLs [Singh, 2000[Singh, , 2002[Singh, , 2003Newman et al, 2001;Goldman et al, 2003] have been carried out in several studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale PIC simulation of double layers and electron holes affecting parallel and transverse accelerations of electrons and ions

2011

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[1] We study the dynamical behavior of potential structures in the auroral upward current region. The study is based on a large two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. A double layer (DL) forms in the auroral potential structure in the counterstreaming expansion of cold and hot plasmas from bottom (ionospheric side) and top (magnetospheric side), respectively. Transversely nonuniform converging perpendicular electric field drives the plasma from the top, generating V-shaped potential structure within the expanding plasmas. The dynamical features include (1) recurring formation of the DL, (2) downward motion of the DL over the distance of thousands of Debye lengths, (3) collapse of the existing double layer after the reformation of a new one near the top in the hot magnetospheric plasma, and (4) generation of electron holes (EHs) on the high-potential side of the DL and their downward propagation over a few thousand of Debye lengths, where they are dissipated. The EHs are associated with broadband plasma waves with spectrum peaked near the lower hybrid frequency. The EH turbulence is temporally modulated by low-frequency plasma waves near the ion cyclotron frequency W i . Electrostatic ion cyclotron waves above W i occur on the low-potential side of the DL. Transverse and parallel acceleration/heating of both electrons and ions are studied. The fast moving electron holes are found effective in transverse heating of the cold ionospheric electrons trapped below the DL. Relevance of our results to satellite observations in the auroral plasma is discussed.Citation: Singh, N., S. Araveti, and E. B. Wells (2011), Mesoscale PIC simulation of double layers and electron holes affecting parallel and transverse accelerations of electrons and ions,

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Evolution of Electron Phase-Space Holes in a 2D Magnetized Plasma

Cited by 113 publications

References 21 publications

Isolated electrostatic structures observed throughout the Cluster orbit: relationship to magnetic field strength

Isolated electrostatic structures observed throughout the Cluster orbit: relationship to magnetic field strength

Simulation study of surfing acceleration in magnetized space plasmas

Mesoscale PIC simulation of double layers and electron holes affecting parallel and transverse accelerations of electrons and ions

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