Evolution of dispersal distance: Maternal investment leads to bimodal dispersal kernels

Fronhofer, Emanuel A.; Poethke, Hans Joachim; Dieckmann, Ulf

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.10.024

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In contrast, the restricted dispersal events in Graphoderus may be related to the oogenesis‐flight syndrome (Dingle, 1972). Individuals disperse in the premature state, then settle, and allocate energy for reproduction and thereby create the observed single peak in dispersal activity (Fronhofer, Poethke, & Dieckmann, 2015). So far, very few studies have documented the oogenesis‐flight syndrome in aquatic beetles (Landin, 1980), and our results provide insights into the understanding of seasonal restrictions in flight patterns of aquatic beetles (Bilton, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐restricted flight ability influences dispersal and colonization rates in a group of freshwater beetles

Iversen

Rannap

Briggs³

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Variation in the ability to fly or not is a key mechanism for differences in local species occurrences. It is increasingly acknowledged that physiological or behavioral mechanisms rather than morphological differences may drive flight abilities. However, our knowledge on the seasonal variability and stressors creating nonmorphological differences in flight abilities and how it scales to local and regional occurrences is very limited particularly for small, short‐lived species such as insects. Here, we examine how flight ability might vary across seasons and between two closely related genera of freshwater beetles with similar geographical ranges, life histories, and dispersal‐related morphology. By combining flight experiments of >1,100 specimens with colonization rates in a metacommunity of 54 ponds in northern and eastern Europe, we have analyzed the relationship between flight ability and spatio‐environmental distribution of the study genera. We find profound differences in flight ability between the two study genera across seasons. High flight ability for Acilius (97% of the tested individuals flew during the experiments) and low for Graphoderus (14%) corresponded to the different colonization rates of newly created ponds. Within a 5‐year period, 81 and 31% of the study ponds were colonized by Acilius and Graphoderus, respectively. While Acilius dispersed throughout the season, flight activity in Graphoderus was restricted to stressed situations immediately after the emergence of adults. Regional colonization ability of Acilius was independent of spatial connectivity and mass effect from propagule sources. In contrast, Graphoderus species were closely related to high connectivity between ponds in the landscape. Our data suggest that different dispersal potential can account for different local occurrences of Acilius and Graphoderus. In general, our findings provide some of the first insights into the understanding of seasonal restrictions in flight patterns of aquatic beetles and their consequences for species distributions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐restricted flight ability influences dispersal and colonization rates in a group of freshwater beetles

Iversen

Rannap

Briggs³

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…However, it should be noted that in some cases, the dispersal kernel that evolves also determines the emigration rate, since only those individuals that disperse far enough to leave their natal habitat are emigrants (e.g. Hovestadt, Messner & Poethke, 2001;Rousset & Gandon, 2002;North, Cornell & Ovaskainen, 2011;Fronhofer, Poethke & Dieckmann, 2015b). Notably, these studies on the evolution of dispersal kernels have not tackled context dependencies in the dispersal distances to the same degree as context-dependent emigration has been treated.…”

Section: Representation Of Dispersal Genetics In Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of dispersal

et al. 2017

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Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and demography. It is subject to evolutionary change, which begs the question, what is the genetic basis of this potentially complex trait? To address this question, we (i) review the empirical literature on the genetic basis of dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations of the evolution of dispersal have represented the genetics of dispersal, and (iii) discuss how the genetic basis of dispersal influences theoretical predictions of the evolution of dispersal and potential consequences.Dispersal has a detectable genetic basis in many organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Generally, there is evidence for significant genetic variation for dispersal or dispersal‐related phenotypes or evidence for the micro‐evolution of dispersal in natural populations. Dispersal is typically the outcome of several interacting traits, and this complexity is reflected in its genetic architecture: while some genes of moderate to large effect can influence certain aspects of dispersal, dispersal traits are typically polygenic. Correlations among dispersal traits as well as between dispersal traits and other traits under selection are common, and the genetic basis of dispersal can be highly environment‐dependent.By contrast, models have historically considered a highly simplified genetic architecture of dispersal. It is only recently that models have started to consider multiple loci influencing dispersal, as well as non‐additive effects such as dominance and epistasis, showing that the genetic basis of dispersal can influence evolutionary rates and outcomes, especially under non‐equilibrium conditions. For example, the number of loci controlling dispersal can influence projected rates of dispersal evolution during range shifts and corresponding demographic impacts. Incorporating more realism in the genetic architecture of dispersal is thus necessary to enable models to move beyond the purely theoretical towards making more useful predictions of evolutionary and ecological dynamics under current and future environmental conditions. To inform these advances, empirical studies need to answer outstanding questions concerning whether specific genes underlie dispersal variation, the genetic architecture of context‐dependent dispersal phenotypes and behaviours, and correlations among dispersal and other traits.

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“…Greater seed output is determined by the fraction of total biomass allocated to reproduction 20, 21 . Increasing the distance of seed dispersal results from selection acting on the dispersal traits or due to maternal effects 22, 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity combine to enhance the invasiveness of the most widespread daisy in Chile, Leontodon saxatilis

Martín‐Forés

Avilés

Gallo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Dispersal and reproductive traits of successful plant invaders are expected to undergo strong selection during biological invasions. Numerous Asteraceae are invasive and display dimorphic fruits within a single flower head, resulting in differential dispersal pathways -wind-dispersed fruits vs. nondispersing fruits. We explored ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of seed output and fruit dimorphisms in exotic Chilean and native Spanish populations of Leontodon saxatilis subsp. rothii. We collected flower heads from populations in Spain and Chile along a rainfall gradient. Seeds from all populations were planted in reciprocal transplant trials in Spain and Chile to explore their performance in the native and invasive range. We scored plant biomass, reproductive investment and fruit dimorphism. We observed strong plasticity, where plants grown in the invasive range had much greater biomass, flower head size and seed output, with a higher proportion of wind-dispersed fruits, than those grown in the native range. We also observed a significant ecotype effect, where the exotic populations displayed higher proportions of wind-dispersed fruits than native populations. Together, these patterns reflect a combination of phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic differentiation, indicating that Leontodon saxatilis has probably increased propagule pressure and dispersal distances in its invasive range to enhance its invasiveness.The impacts of invasive plant species on resident communities and ecosystem functions are a global concern, which has led to considerable resources being invested into studying invasiveness. Of particular importance is predicting which plants will become invasive. The invasiveness of alien plants depends on the habitat characteristics of the recipient area (e.g. the fluctuating resource availability theory 1 ), as well as on species traits 2 . The characteristics of recipient habitats have received considerable attention 3, 4 , highlighting that the habitats more prone to be invaded are those that are more productive or more disturbed 5,6 . However, despite some recent attention, understanding the role played by species traits in the invasion process still remains a key knowledge gap in invasion biology 7,8 .These knowledge gaps exist because invasion success is primarily studied species-by-species 9, 10 , but these gaps also exist because most studies do not compare species traits in native and invasive ranges 11 . Nevertheless, some plant traits related to reproductive and dispersal characteristics have been suggested to be of key importance to invasiveness, such as plant growth rate, seed size, and distance of seed dispersal 7, 12-14 . For example, previous studies have shown that greater plant growth accounts for the invasiveness of many alien plant species 15 . Likewise,

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Evolution of dispersal distance: Maternal investment leads to bimodal dispersal kernels

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Time‐restricted flight ability influences dispersal and colonization rates in a group of freshwater beetles

Time‐restricted flight ability influences dispersal and colonization rates in a group of freshwater beetles

Genetics of dispersal

Ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity combine to enhance the invasiveness of the most widespread daisy in Chile, Leontodon saxatilis

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