“…We dedicate this article in memory of A.M. Kosevich. Generalization of the approach [5,6] to the case of pile-ups of transformation dislocations in the external elastic, thermal, electrical, and magnetic fields allowed to develop a new unified approach to describe all basic manifestations of reversible plasticity of crystals: elastic twinning, thermoelastic martensitic transformation, superelasticity, shape memory effect, reversible behavior of ferroelastic domains [6][7][8][9]. The new materials satisfying the requirements of new technology very often have mechanical properties different from those of traditional materials.…”