Evolution of cytokine profile during the treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients

Meira, Cristina da Silva; Pereira-Chioccola, Vera Lúcia; Vidal, José E.; Motoie, Gabriela; Costa-Silva, Thaís A.; Gava, Ricardo; Dantas, Daniel Soares de Sousa; Batista, Tatiana Pimentel de Andrade; Kassab, Maria José; Bazzi, Munir; Prestes, Daniel; Strelow, Vanessa Levien; Massaia, Adriana Weinfeld; Audi, Daniele; Lago, Mariana Martins; Moreira, Carlos Henrique Valente

doi:10.1016/j.jim.2015.07.005

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Furthermore, treatment of TE is associated with the restoration of the IFN-γ response [40]. As with acute infections and most other type I responses, production of IFN-γ and other pro-inflammatory cytokines must be regulated by anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and IL-27, without which continued recruitment of highly activated immune cells into the brain leads to encephalitis independent of parasite burden [41–44].…”

Section: Immune Responses In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle

Wohlfert

Blader

Wilson

2017

Trends in Parasitology

124

123

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Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasitic pathogen that infects over a third of the world’s population. Following an acute infection, the parasite can persist within its mammalian host as intraneuronal or intramuscular cysts. Cysts will occasionally reactivate, and depending on the host’s immune status and site of reactivation, encephalitis or myositis can develop. Because these diseases have high levels of morbidity and can be lethal, it is important to understand how Toxoplasma traffics to these tissues, how the immune response controls parasite burden and contributes to tissue damage, and what mechanisms underlie neurological and muscular pathologies that toxoplasmosis patients present with. This review aims to summarize recent important developments addressing these critical topics.

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Section: Immune Responses In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle

Wohlfert

Blader

Wilson

2017

Trends in Parasitology

124

123

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“…The studies using these models have shown that cytokine levels can vary according to the evaluated clinical condition, the type of strain and the culture conditions which can include the type of media culture supplement; the time of data collection; and the temperature variations during storage, shipping and handling (Weinberg et al, 2010). In chronic asymptomatic individuals, the PBMCs' immune responses against total lysate antigen and against peptides derived from T. gondii are predominantly characterized by high levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (Prigione et al, 2006; Bayram Delibaş et al, 2009; Cong et al, 2011; Cardona et al, 2015; Meira et al, 2015); in ocular toxoplasmosis and Toxoplasma -seronegative individuals, however, the level of this cytokine is much lower (Alfonzo et al, 2005; Meira et al, 2014; Maia et al, 2017). PBMCs have also been useful in studying the immune response of HIV-infected individuals and of pregnant women with toxoplasmosis.…”

Section: Immune Response In Pbmcs Stimulated With T Gondiimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBMCs have also been useful in studying the immune response of HIV-infected individuals and of pregnant women with toxoplasmosis. In one study on HIV patients who had been coinfected with T. gondii , researchers measured the IFN-γ expression of stimulated total lysate antigen using PBMCs, both before and after treatment with antiparasitic drugs (sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, folinic acid, trimethoprim-sulfa-methoxazole, and corticosteroids); the infection's evolution was correlated with the restoration of the IFN-γ response and with decreased inflammation (Meira et al, 2015). In another study, researchers showed that, during pregnancy, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-12 had decreased expression when cells were stimulated with live tachyzoites (Rezende-Oliveira et al, 2012).…”

Section: Immune Response In Pbmcs Stimulated With T Gondiimentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as a Model for Immunological Research of Toxoplasma gondii and Other Apicomplexan Parasites

Dávila

Rios

2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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In biology, models are experimental systems meant to recreate aspects of diseases or human tissue with the goal of generating inferences and approximations that can contribute to the resolution of specific biological problems. Although there are many models for studying intracellular parasites, their data have produced critical contradictions, especially in immunological assays. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) represent an attractive tissue source in pharmacogenomics and in molecular and immunologic studies, as these cells are easily collected from patients and can serve as sentinel tissue for monitoring physiological perturbations due to disease. However, these cells are a very sensitive model due to variables such as temperature, type of stimulus and time of collection as part of posterior processes. PBMCs have been used to study Toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites. For instance, this model is frequently used in new therapies or vaccines that use peptides or recombinant proteins derived from the parasite. The immune response to T. gondii is highly variable, so it may be necessary to refine this cellular model. This mini review highlights the major approaches in which PBMCs are used as a model of study for T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites. The variables related to this model have significant implications for data interpretation and conclusions related to host-parasite interaction.

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“…These enquiries were based in our previous studies, that showed the importance of immune modulation in CT/ HIV patients. 13,14 miR-155-5p and miR-146a-5p participate in modulation of immune cell activity in T gondii infection in mouse model. 22 miR-155-5p acts on signalling pathways for differentiation of Th1 response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The miRNAs, miR‐155‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐21‐5p, miR‐125b‐5p and miR‐29c‐3p, which were correlated with modulation of some cytokines, could be potential biomarker candidates for CT/HIV. These enquiries were based in our previous studies, that showed the importance of immune modulation in CT/HIV patients …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma extracellular microRNAs are related to AIDS/cerebral toxoplasmosis co‐infection

Pereira

Maia

Cruz

et al. 2020

Parasite Immunology

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This study investigated the potential of five miRNA candidates for cerebral toxoplasmosis/HIV co‐infection (CT/HIV) biomarkers. miR‐155‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐21‐5p, miR‐125b‐5p and miR‐29c‐3p were tested in 79 plasma divided into groups: 32 CT/HIV patients; 27 individuals with asymptomatic toxoplasmosis (AT); and 20 individuals seronegative for toxoplasmosis (NC). From each was collected peripheral blood/EDTA for laboratory diagnosis. Blood cells for DNA extractions (molecular diagnosis), plasma for RNA extractions (gene expression) and ELISA (serological diagnosis). miRNA expression was performed by qPCR, and values were expressed in Relative Quantification (RQ). Among the five miRNAs, miR‐21‐5p and miR‐146a‐5p were up‐expressed in CT/HIV group when compared with AT and NC groups. RQ means for miR‐21‐5p and miR‐146a‐5p in CT/HIV group were 3.829 and 2.500, while in AT group, were 1.815 and 1.661, respectively. Differences between 3 groups were statistically significant (Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA test), as well as CT/HIV and AT groups (Mann‐Whitney test). Plasma of CT/HIV and AT groups expressed similar levels of miR‐29c‐3p, miR‐155‐5p and miR‐125b‐5p. As NC group was different of CT/HIV and AT groups, differences between three groups were statistically significant (Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA test). No difference was shown between CT/HIV and AT groups (Mann‐Whitney test). These results suggest the host miRNAs modulation by Toxoplasma gondii.

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Evolution of cytokine profile during the treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle

Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle

An Overview of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as a Model for Immunological Research of Toxoplasma gondii and Other Apicomplexan Parasites

Plasma extracellular microRNAs are related to AIDS/cerebral toxoplasmosis co‐infection

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