Evolution of CRISPR/Cas Systems for Precise Genome Editing

Hryhorowicz, Magdalena; Lipiński, Daniel; Zeyland, Joanna

doi:10.3390/ijms241814233

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The impact of off-target effects on CRISPR-Cas13a technology was further reduced. Studies have also shown that Cas13a can tolerate single nucleotide mismatch between crRNA and target sequence, but double mismatch can significantly reduce the cleavage efficiency of Cas13a enzyme (Hryhorowicz et al, 2023).…”

Section: Summary and Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in application of CRISPR-Cas13a system

Zhang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins serve as an adaptive immune system that safeguards prokaryotes and some of the viruses that infect prokaryotes from foreign nucleic acids (such as viruses and plasmids). The genomes of the majority of archaea and about half of all bacteria contain various CRISPR-Cas systems. CRISPR-Cas systems depend on CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). They act as a navigation system to specifically cut and destroy foreign nucleic acids by recognizing invading foreign nucleic acids and binding Cas proteins. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas system, focusing on the functions and applications of the CRISPR-Cas13a system. We describe the CRISPR-Cas13a system and discuss its RNA-directed ribonuclease function. Meanwhile, we briefly introduce the mechanism of action of the CRISPR-Cas13a system and summarize the applications of the CRISPR-Cas13a system in pathogen detection, eukaryotes, agriculture, biosensors, and human gene therapy. We are right understanding of CRISPR-Cas13a has been broadened, and the CRISPR-Cas13a system will be useful for developing new RNA targeting tools. Therefore, understanding the basic details of the structure, function, and biological characterization of CRISPR-Cas13a effector proteins is critical for optimizing RNA targeting tools.

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Section: Summary and Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in application of CRISPR-Cas13a system

Zhang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Each CRISPR-Cas locus includes a strain-specific array of so-called spacer sequences, which can be used for strain subtyping [17]. CRISPR-Cas systems can be divided into six major types (I-VI) and several subtypes (A-I, K, U) based on a combination of evidence from phylogenetic, comparative genomic, and structural analysis [18,19]. 'UNKN' in this column denotes an incomplete system, in which some genes are absent, while 'NF' indicates that CRISPR-Cas system was not revealed in a particular isolate genome.…”

Section: Typing Summary Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Epidemiology Dataset for the Important Nosocomial Pathogenic Bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii

Shelenkov,

Mikhaylova,

Akimkin

2024

Data

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The infections caused by various bacterial pathogens both in clinical and community settings represent a significant threat to public healthcare worldwide. The growing resistance to antimicrobial drugs acquired by bacterial species causing healthcare-associated infections has already become a life-threatening danger noticed by the World Health Organization. Several groups or lineages of bacterial isolates, usually called ‘the clones of high risk’, often drive the spread of resistance within particular species. Thus, it is vitally important to reveal and track the spread of such clones and the mechanisms by which they acquire antibiotic resistance and enhance their survival skills. Currently, the analysis of whole-genome sequences for bacterial isolates of interest is increasingly used for these purposes, including epidemiological surveillance and the development of spread prevention measures. However, the availability and uniformity of the data derived from genomic sequences often represent a bottleneck for such investigations. With this dataset, we present the results of a genomic epidemiology analysis of 17,546 genomes of a dangerous bacterial pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii. Important typing information, including multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based sequence types (STs), intrinsic blaOXA-51-like gene variants, capsular (KL) and oligosaccharide (OCL) types, CRISPR-Cas systems, and cgMLST profiles are presented, as well as the assignment of particular isolates to nine known international clones of high risk. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes within the genomes is also reported. These data will be useful for researchers in the field of A. baumannii genomic epidemiology, resistance analysis, and prevention measure development.

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“…Cas9 uses two nuclease domains: a well-conserved RuvC domain consisting of three split RuvC motifs and an HNH domain residing in the middle of the protein. Each domain cleaves one strand of the target dsDNA at a specific 3-bp site of the NGG PAM sequence to produce a predominantly blunt-ended double-strand break (DSB) [28,29].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of the Crispr/cas9 Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Editing with CRISPR Cas9: recent Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications

Garzón Posse,

Pinilla Peña,

Rivas Velásquez

et al. 2024

Universitas Scientiarum

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The use of a novel and powerful technology that allows for the precise editing of the genetic material of various organisms is becoming widespread. This technology derives from bacterial and archaeal defense machinery and is called CRISPR Cas9. Unlike other gene editing tools that exclusively rely on proteins, CRISPR Cas9 utilizes interactions between the target DNA and an RNA sequence that guides the Cas9 enzyme to alter the structure of a target gene. Various genome locations can be edited thanks to the ease of programming different guide RNA sequences, facilitating its use and implementation. Furthermore, the non-active version of the Cas9 protein, guided by its corresponding RNA, can be utilized for visualization processes of genetic material or, more recently, for the regulation of the transcription process. Considering the recent advances and possibilities in biomedical and biotechnological research, we must understand that the exploration of this technology is just beginning, and its eventual applications will influence the world around us on multiple levels. In this review, we describe the biological foundations of the functioning of the Cas9 nuclease, together with selected applications of its use in editing and regulating specific sections of the genetic material of various organisms. We also discuss some bioethical issues surrounding this subject.

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Evolution of CRISPR/Cas Systems for Precise Genome Editing

Cited by 10 publications

References 84 publications

Advances in application of CRISPR-Cas13a system

Advances in application of CRISPR-Cas13a system

Genomic Epidemiology Dataset for the Important Nosocomial Pathogenic Bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii

Genetic Editing with CRISPR Cas9: recent Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications

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