Evolution of Cranial Ontogeny in South American Canids (Carnivora: Canidae)

Segura, Valentina; Cassini, Guillermo Hernán; Prevosti, Francisco Juan

doi:10.1007/s11692-020-09529-3

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…These results agree with previous evidence that stabilizing selection is the dominant evolutionary process shaping mammalian morphological diversification (5,7,9). Our results further indicate that stabilizing selection is more expressive for shape than for size, consistent with the idea that shape is more constrained by functional demands than size (31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…When lineages escape such region, thus invading a new adaptive zone, this is usually associated with more intense changes in morphology and ecology, a feature usually observed in major evolutionary transitions and inovations (42,43). If, as some have suggested, shape features are more strongly associated with functional demands (44)(45)(46)(47)(48), than changes in functional requirements would probably lead to shape evolution, and possibly to the invasion of a new adaptive zone (31,47). Size changes, on the other hand are less likely to impact ecomorphological relationships, being associated with within-zones evolution (31,47).…”

Section: Mode Of Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The preeminent role of directional selection in generating extreme morphological change in Glyptodonts (Cingulata; Xenarthra)

Machado¹,

Marroig

Hubbe

2021

Preprint

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The prevalence of stasis on paleontological and comparative data has been classically taken as evidence of the strong role of stabilizing selection in shaping morphological evolution. When confronted against biologically informed predictions, empirical rates of evolution tend to fall below what is expected under genetic drift, suggesting that the signal for directional selection is erased at longer time scales. However, empirical tests of these claims are few and tend to focus on univariate traits, ignoring the potential roles of trait covariances in constraining evolution. Here we investigated the multivariate rates of morphological evolution in a fossil lineage that underwent extreme morphological modification, the glyptodonts. Contrary to what was expected, biologically informed models of evolution suggest a preeminent role of directional selection on the divergence of glyptodonts from living armadillos. Furthermore, the reconstruction of selection patterns shows that traits selected to generate a glytodont morphology are markedly different from those necessary to explain the extant armadillos’ morphological diversity. Changes in both direction and magnitude of selection are probably tied to the invasion of a specialist-herbivore adaptive zone by glyptodonts. These results suggest that directional selection might have played a more important role in the evolution of extreme morphologies than previously imagined.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Mode Of Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preeminent role of directional selection in generating extreme morphological change in Glyptodonts (Cingulata; Xenarthra)

Machado¹,

Marroig

Hubbe

2021

Preprint

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“…In this test, the ontogenetic trajectories from two different species were compared before and after erasing part of the observations. This experiment was performed on the same two datasets as Test 1, plus a third dataset of cranial shape in canids (Urocyon cinereoargenteus and Cerdocyon thous; Segura, 2014Segura, , 2015Segura et al, 2021). The steps involved in the test were:…”

Section: Test 2: Comparison Of Two Real Ontogenetic Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of shape change at a macroevolutionary scale has been stimulated by the development of new methodological approximations for the phylogenetic analysis of geometric morphometric (GM) data (Catalano et al, 2010;Klingenberg and Gidaszewski, 2010;Parins-Fukuchi, 2018;Adams and Collyer, 2019). Studies that include the phylogenetic dimension in GM analyses have been oriented to evaluate a variety of questions including shape/function relationship (Cooke and Terhune, 2015;Borgard et al, 2020), shape covariation (Machado et al, 2018), rates of evolutionary change (Houle et al, 2017;Santos et al, 2019), morphological evolution (Stayton, 2004;Duport Bru et al, 2019;Segura et al, 2021), morphological disparity (Stange et al, 2018;Schaeffer et al, 2019), and phylogenetic inference (Ascarrunz et al, 2019). In particular, the role of changes in developmental timing in generating the shape diversity has been the subject of several recent studies in both extant (Esquerré et al, 2017;Morris et al, 2019;Sherratt et al, 2019) and fossil species (Maiorino et al, 2013;Foth et al, 2016;Prieto-Márquez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPASOS 1.1: a program for the inference of ancestral shape ontogenies

2021

Self Cite

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We recently published a method to infer ancestral landmark-based shape ontogenies that takes into account the possible existence of changes in developmental timing. Here we describe SPASOS, a software to perform that analysis. SPASOS is an opensource Windows program written in C. Input data include landmark coordinates for each specimen -with the corresponding information about developmental timing-and a phylogenetic tree showing the relationships among the species sampled. As output, the program produces image files for an easy visualization of the results and data files useful for post-processing. The program incorporates an interpolating function, based on weighting moving averages, which allows analysis of data with scarce information along the ontogenetic trajectory. An empirical evaluation of this function showed its suitability to fill in incomplete ontogenetic trajectories. Finally, we present the results of a reanalysis in SPASOS of a published dataset, where changes in developmental timing were originally inferred by considering PCA scores as shape variables. Both approaches retrieved the same four largest changes in developmental timing, but differed in the ancestral shapes inferred.

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“…Cerdocyonina is a lineage of South‐American endemic canids that include some of the least‐known extant canid species (Figure 1, Chavez et al, 2022; DeMatteo & Loiselle, 2008; Pitman & Beisiegel, 2013; Tensen, 2018). This group comprises generalist fox‐like morphotypes ( Cerdocyon , Atelocynus and Lycalopex ), as well as highly specialised species such as the maned wolf ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ) and the bush dog ( Speothos venaticus , Chavez et al, 2022; Lindblad‐Toh et al, 2005; Segura et al, 2021; Wozencraft, 2005). Most Cerdocyonina are mesocarnivores (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog (Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis

et al. 2022

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Cerdocyonina is a clade composed by the South-American canids in which the bush dog (Speothos venaticus) is one of the most elusive species. Known for its unique morphology within the group, this small, bear-like faced canid is the only member of the clade adapted to hypercarnivory, an almost exclusively meat-based diet currently present only in usually large, pack-hunting canids such as the grey wolf (Canis lupus). However, much of the biology of the bush dog is poorly understood, and inferences about its ecology, hunting strategies and diet are usually based on observation of captive individuals and anecdotal records, with reduced quantitative data to offer support. Here, we investigated the craniomandibular functional morphology of the bush dog through finite element analysis (FEA). FEA was employed to model the biting behaviour and to create extrinsic and intrinsic functional scenarios with different loads, corresponding to different bites used to subdue and process the prey. For comparison, the same modelling was applied to the skull of a grey wolf and a grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Our analysis showed that the bush dog's responses to loading are more similar to the wolf's than to the fox's in most scenarios, suggesting a convergent craniomandibular functional morphology between these two hypercarnivorous species, despite their distinct phylogenetic positions and body sizes. Differences between the three taxa are noteworthy and suggested to be related to the size of the usual prey. The modelled bite force for the bush dog is relatively strong, about half of that estimated for the wolf and about 40% stronger than the fox's bite. The results strengthen with quantitative data the inferences of the bush dog as a pack-hunting predator with prey size similar to its own, such as large rodents and armadillos, being specialised in subduing and killing its prey using multiple bites. Its similarity to the wolf also confirms anecdotal accounts of predation on mammals that are much larger than itself, such as peccaries and tapirs. These data highlight the ecological specialisation of this small canid in a continent where large, pack-hunting canids are absent.

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Evolution of Cranial Ontogeny in South American Canids (Carnivora: Canidae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 120 publications

The preeminent role of directional selection in generating extreme morphological change in Glyptodonts (Cingulata; Xenarthra)

The preeminent role of directional selection in generating extreme morphological change in Glyptodonts (Cingulata; Xenarthra)

SPASOS 1.1: a program for the inference of ancestral shape ontogenies

Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog (Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis

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