Evolution of Consanguinity in a French Alpine Valley: The Vallouise in the Briancon Region (17th-19th Centuries)

Boëtsch, Gilles; Prost, Michel; Rabino-Massa, Emma

doi:10.1353/hub.2002.0017

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Il faut au moins avoir accès à un corpus généalogique pouvant s'étendre sur de nombreuses générations et représenter des ensembles populationnels fiables (Cazes et al, 1993 (Jacquard et al, 1976;Chaventré et al, 1990), sont souvent restées à l'écart des grandes synthèses de démographie (Dupâquier et al, 1988;Bardet et Dupâquier, 1997). Pourtant, depuis quelques années, différentes études et quelques programmes pluridisciplinaires se sont intéressés aux populations d'altitude (Morton et al, 1973;Serre et al, 1985;Viazzo, 1989;Prost et Boëtsch, 2001bBoëtsch et al, 2002 …”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Par ailleurs, durant la période 1780-1809, neuf unions de ce site sur dix s'effectuent entre apparentés 1 , et si l'on raisonne en termes de personnes, plus de 92 pour cent des individus naissants en Vallouise sont consanguins (Prost, 1998;Boëtsch et al, 2002). Ainsi, sans le secours d'un programme informatique approprié, une structure aussi complexe ne peut être gérée.…”

Section: Matériel Et Méthodesunclassified

“…À titre informatif, il convient de préciser qu'Analypop ne se contente pas de gérer et d'ordonnancer une base de données généalogiques. Il permet, grâce à une interface multimodulaire, d'effectuer de multiples applications de biodémographie (Boisvert et Mayer, 1994;Bachand et al, 1997;Lima et al, 1997Lima et al, , 1998Boëtsch et Prost, 2001;Boëtsch et al, 2002).…”

Section: Matériel Et Méthodesunclassified

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Enfants naissants et enfants utiles. Le cas de la montagne briançonnaise à l’Époque moderne (XVII-XIXes siècles)

Prost¹,

Boëtsch²,

Revol

2003

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RésuméAu moyen d’un registre de population informatisé intitulé « Vallouise en Briançonnais », qui regroupe la population d’une vallée des Alpes sur une période allant de 1370 environ à nos jours, nous considérons les enfants nés sur ce site et les enfants utiles. Le concept d’enfant utile, émanant de la génétique des populations, est un paramètre essentiel de la dynamique évolutive des populations. Il concerne les enfants qui, naissant en un lieu donné, grandiront, se marieront et se reproduiront de telle façon que leurs descendants formeront une génération supplémentaire. En stratifiant l’ensemble en sept cohortes trentenaires, nous observons son comportement en matière de reproduction générationnelle. En ce qui a trait à la fertilité efficace, sur dix couples fondés, seulement sept participent localement à la génération suivante. Par contre, en termes de descendance, sur dix enfants naissants, seulement quatre seront des enfants utiles. Finalement, quand nous examinons cette contribution, nous nous apercevons que moins du quart des couples (23 pour cent) concourent à près des trois cinquièmes de l’effectif reproductif (56 pour cent). Durant l’Époque moderne, seule une faible partie des enfants naissants assure en montagne la dynamique de cette population qui compte plus de 3200 personnes. Ce comportement spécifique présente une telle homogénéité au cours du temps que nous sommes sans doute face à des stratégies matrimoniales et reproductives adaptées.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: Matériel Et Méthodesunclassified

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Enfants naissants et enfants utiles. Le cas de la montagne briançonnaise à l’Époque moderne (XVII-XIXes siècles)

Prost¹,

Boëtsch²,

Revol

2003

cqd

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“…11 The partners choose each other because of physical proximity, blood relations, and social and cultural aspects, not because of either the geography of the area or the density of population. 10,12 In fact, we have noticed that the partner was chosen by his/her social Oral Communications proximity, amongst people who live in the same rural context. As a consequence, it was easier that two blood-related people could get married since they were engaged in the same economic activity, which increased among landowners who could confirm their properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The matrimonial behavior of a rural population in Haute-Vienne, France

et al. 2014

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Although biodemography prefers to focus on isolated human populations, in our analysis we have considered an opened community, neither culturally nor geographically separated from the nearby communities. The aim of the present study was to reconstruct the degree of consanguinity and assess the level of openness of a certain French population through the observation of its people's matrimonial behavior. Marriages and, in general, the choice of the partner, are often affected by culture and society which affect, in the end, the community's genic pool.

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“…Geneticists and biologists have been mainly interested in consanguineous marriages. They have focused mostly on isolates and mountain populations, and in order to study the frequency of kin marriages, they have made use of so-called dispensation registers or have applied methods of isonymy (Abelson, 1978;Boëtsch et al, 2002;Pettener, 1985;Rabino-Massa et al, 2005). Although historians and anthropologists have dealt both with unions between blood and affinal kin, their in-depth studies were mostly based on family reconstitutions and were for that reason small-scale by necessity as well.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relatives as spouses: Preferences and opportunities for kin marriage in a Western society

Bras

Poppel

Mandemakers

2009

American J Hum Biol

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This article investigates the determinants of kin marriage on the basis of a large-scale database covering a major rural part of The Netherlands during the period 1840-1922. We studied three types of kin marriage: first cousin marriage, deceased spouse's sibling marriage, and sibling set exchange marriage. Almost 2% of all marriages were between first cousins, 0.85% concerned the sibling of a former spouse, while 4.14% were sibling set exchange marriages. While the first two types generally declined across the study period, sibling set exchange marriage reached a high point of almost 5% between 1890 and 1900. We found evidence for three mechanisms explaining the choice for relatives as spouses, centering both on preferences and on opportunities for kin marriage. Among the higher and middle strata and among farmers, kin marriages were commonly practiced and played an important role in the process of social class formation in the late nineteenth century. An increased choice for cousin marriage as a means of enculturation was observed among orthodox Protestants in the Bible Belt area of The Netherlands. Finally, all studied types of kin marriage took place more often in the relatively isolated, inland provinces of The Netherlands. Sibling set exchange marriages were a consequence of the enlarged supply of same-generation kin as a result of the demographic transition.

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Evolution of Consanguinity in a French Alpine Valley: The Vallouise in the Briancon Region (17th-19th Centuries)

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Enfants naissants et enfants utiles. Le cas de la montagne briançonnaise à l’Époque moderne (XVII-XIXes siècles)

Enfants naissants et enfants utiles. Le cas de la montagne briançonnaise à l’Époque moderne (XVII-XIXes siècles)

The matrimonial behavior of a rural population in Haute-Vienne, France

Relatives as spouses: Preferences and opportunities for kin marriage in a Western society

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