“…Orchestrating these global value chains is one of the major challenges in the PPI. Other factors driving the change include, e.g., the emergence of new players and markets, the upward trend in raw material and energy prices, an increasing pressure from social and environmental stakeholders, changing customer preferences, low prices of the end products, and a lack of capital to confront these challenges (Lamberg et al, 2006;Panwar et al, 2012;Shaw, 2005Shaw, , 2006Siitonen, 2003;Toppinen and Kuuluvainen, 2010). As a result of new economic environments and increased competitive pressures, many PPI firms are now struggling with poor financial performance (see e.g., Pätäri et al, 2011).…”