␣-Helical coiled coils are widely occurring protein oligomerization motifs. Here we show that most members of the collagen superfamily contain short, repeating heptad sequences typical of coiled coils. Such sequences are found at the N-terminal ends of the C-propeptide domains in all fibrillar procollagens. When fused C-terminal to a reporter molecule containing a collagen-like sequence that does not spontaneously trimerize, the Cpropeptide heptad repeats induced trimerization. C-terminal heptad repeats were also found in the oligomerization domains of the multiplexins (collagens XV and XVIII). N-terminal heptad repeats are known to drive trimerization in transmembrane collagens, whereas fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices, as well as collagens VII, XIII, XXIII, and XXV, were found to contain heptad repeats between collagen domains. Finally, heptad repeats were found in the von Willebrand factor A domains known to be involved in trimerization of collagen VI, as well as in collagen VII. These observations suggest that coiled-coil oligomerization domains are widely used in the assembly of collagens and collagen-like proteins.The mechanisms controlling chain oligomerization in extracellular matrix and related proteins are currently topics of active research (1, 2). In the case of the collagen superfamily, which includes both collagens and collagen-like proteins (3-5), a number of structural features have been identified that are essential for bringing together component polypeptide chains with the correct stoichiometry, thus leading to folding of the triple helix. Early studies on the procollagen precursors of the fibrillar collagens (types I-III, V, and XI) (6) showed that the C-propeptide regions are necessary to direct correct chain association, which is followed by zipper-like folding of the triple helix in the C-to N-terminal direction (7). This concept was subsequently extended to basement membrane collagen type IV (8 -10), microfibril-forming collagen VI (11, 12), members of the C1q family (13) including collagens VIII and X (14 -17) and the emilins (18), and the FACITs 1 (19 -21).␣-Helical coiled coils have been shown to be oligomerization domains in both collagens and collagen-like proteins. The paradigm here is the collectin family (22), which includes the lung surfactant proteins (SP-A and SP-D), mannan-binding proteins (MBP-A and MBP-C), conglutinin, and collectin-43. Collectins are trimeric molecules in which each chain contains a collagenlike domain followed by an ␣-helical coiled-coil region and then a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The amino acid sequence of the coiled-coil domain is characterized by up to four heptad repeats (a-b-c-d-e-f-g) in which hydrophobic amino acid residues occur at positions a and d (23). Three-dimensional structures of the coiled-coil and CRD regions in MBP and SP-D show that chains within the trimer are associated via a threestranded coiled coil, with the three CRDs arranged as distinct lobes (24 -26). Several studies have shown that the co...