Evolution of Class III treatment in orthodontics

Abstract

Angle, Tweed, and Moyers classified Class III malocclusions into 3 types: pseudo, dentoalveolar, and skeletal. Clinicians have been trying to identify the best timing to intercept a Class III malocclusion that develops as early as the deciduous dentition. With microimplants as skeletal anchorage, orthopedic growth modification became more effective, and it also increased the scope of camouflage orthodontic treatment for patients who were not eligible for orthognathic surgery. However, orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery remains the only option for patients with a severe skeletal Class III malocclusion or a craniofacial anomaly. Distraction osteogenesis can now be performed intraorally at an earlier age. The surgery-first approach can minimize the length of time that the malocclusion needs to worsen before orthognathic surgery. Finally, the use of computed tomography scans for 3-dimensional diagnosis and treatment planning together with advances in imaging technology can improve the accuracy of surgical movements and the esthetic outcomes for these patients.

Classification and characterization of class III malocclusion in Chinese individuals

“…Gradually, Class III malocclusion was extended to refer to the skeletal jaw relationship in a mesial position of the mandible to the maxilla [2]. Class III malocclusion was a mixture of various patterns of maxillofacial deformity rather than a homogenous group.…”

“…The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies greatly both among and within populations, and the highest prevalence of 15.8 % has been observed in Southeast Asian populations in previous studies [2]. In recent years, it has been widely accepted that both genetic inheritance and environmental factors contribute to Class III malocclusion [3, 4], and diversity loci and suspicious genes associated with Class III malocclusion have been identified using linkage analysis and association studies [4–10].…”

Morphological Changes of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in Mixed Dentition with Protraction Combined Activities

“…Maxillary protraction is an important means of orthodontic treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion in mixed dentition, suitable for maxillary hypoplasia, maxillary retrusion of the patients, can promote the growth and development of the maxilla, this method has also been proved to have obvious growth and improvement effect for providing a more favorable environment for the normal development of the maxilla and mandible (Cordasco et al, 2014;Ngan & Moon, 2015;Scherer et al, 2015).The timing of the treatment is about 8 years old, or after the eruption of the maxillary central incisor and the lateral incisor. Saadia & Torres (2000) think that the maxillary deficiency cause of the skeletal class III malocclusion deformity through protraction treatment, in 3 children between the ages of 12 bones have changed, the deciduous dentition and early treatment time is relatively short and profile aesthetic changes more significantly.…”

Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need in Children

“…24 Özellikle süt ve karı-şık dişlenme dönemlerinde görülen fonksiyonel Sınıf III maloklüzyonlar teşhis edildiği zaman, ortopedik etkilerden en yüksek düzeylerde faydalanabilmek için erken dönemde tedaviye başlamanın gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. 25 Erken…”