Evolution of chromosome number in grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididae)

Husemann, Martin; Dey, Lara-Sophie; Sadílek, David; Ueshima, Norihiro; Hawlitschek, Oliver; Song, Ho‐Jun; Weissman, David B.

doi:10.1007/s13127-022-00543-1

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Fig. 1 shows that species with male chromosome counts of 2n = 16+X0, followed by 2n = 22+X0, have the largest genomes (11). All these species belong to the family Acrididae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assembled a dataset of newly measured species and Orthoptera genome size measurements from previous studies, based on the Animal Genome Size Database (3) complemented with further recent studies. We then plotted the male genome sizes against the number of chromosomes (11) for all species for which both values were available; we used male genome size because more male measurements are available from the literature combined with our new data. We tested for statistical significance using a Kruskal-Wallis test and pairwise Mann-Whitney tests (Bonferroni corrected) of all chromosome numbers with more than one record in PAST 4.03 (23).…”

Section: Analyses Of Genome Size Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications

Hawlitschek

Sadílek

Dey

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Animal genomes vary widely in size, and much of their architecture and content remains poorly understood. Even among related groups, such as orders of insects, genomes may vary in size by orders of magnitude – for reasons unknown. The largest known insect genomes were repeatedly found in Orthoptera, e.g., Podisma pedestris (1C = 16.93 pg), Stethophyma grossum (1C = 18.48 pg) and Bryodemella holdereri (1C = 18.64 pg). While all these species belong to the suborder of Caelifera, the ensiferan Deracantha onos (1C = 19.60 pg) was recently found to have the largest genome. Here, we present new genome size estimates of 50 further species of Ensifera (superfamilies Gryllidea, Tettigoniidea) and Caelifera (Acrididae, Tetrigidae) based on flow cytometric measurements. We found that Bryodemella tuberculata (Caelifera: Acrididae) has the so far largest measured genome of all insects with 1C = 21.96 pg (21.48 gBp). Species with 2n = 16 and 2n = 22 chromosomes have significantly larger genomes than species with other chromosome counts. Gryllidea genomes vary between 1C = 0.95 and 2.88 pg, and Tetrigidae between 1C = 2.18 and 2.41, while the genomes of all other studied Orthoptera range in size from 1C = 1.37 to 21.96 pg. Reconstructing ancestral genome sizes based on a phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial genomic data, we found genome size values of >15.84 pg only for the nodes of Bryodemella holdereri/B. tuberculata and Chrysochraon dispar/Euthystira brachyptera. The predicted values of ancestral genome sizes are 6.19 pg for Orthoptera, 5.37 pg for Ensifera, and 7.28 pg for Caelifera. The reasons for the large genomes in Orthoptera remain largely unknown, but a duplication seems unlikely as chromosome numbers do not differ. Sequence-based genomic studies may shed light on the underlying evolutionary mechanisms.

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“…Fig. 1 shows that species with male chromosome counts of 2n = 16+X0, followed by 2n = 22+X0, have the largest genomes (11). All these species belong to the family Acrididae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analyses Of Genome Size Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications

Hawlitschek

Sadílek

Dey

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…In this last group, it was present on some representatives from subfamily Gomphocerinae and in Podisma pedestris (Cantatopinae), Eyprepocnemis plorans (Eyprepocneminae), and Schistocerca gregaria (Cyrtacanthacridinae) ( Figure 6B ). Interestingly, some Acrididae representatives with ITS have 2n = 23, X0 and acrocentric chromosomes, which are ancestral to the group ( Husemann et al, 2022 ), with no apparent macro chromosomal rearrangement. According to Grzywacz et al (2019 ), in P. pedestris (2n = 23), the occurrence of ITS could suggest rearrangements, like inversions, telomere fusion, unequal crossing over, or insertion of telomeric DNA on unstable sites.…”

Section: Its and Chromosomal Remodeling In Insects And Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere organization and the interstitial telomeric sites involvement in insects and vertebrates chromosome evolution

et al. 2022

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Telomere has a central role in chromosomal stability events. Chromosome ends organized in telomere-loop prevent activation of DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms, thus keeping the chromosome structure organized. On the other hand, free chromosome ends, dysfunctional telomeres, and interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) can trigger chromosome rearrangements. Here, the telomere organization, function, and maintenance mechanisms, in addition to ITS types and their involvement in chromosome changes, were revisited. Despite a general (TTAGGG) n sequence being present in vertebrate telomeres, insects show more diversification of their telomere motif. The relation between ITS and chromosome rearrangements was observed in insects and vertebrates, demonstrating different types of genome organization and distribution. Some ITS cannot be considered relicts of chromosome rearrangements because probable they were inserted during a double-strand break repair mechanism. On the other hand, the involvement of telomere sequences participating or triggering chromosome rearrangements or organizing satellite DNA components in several species groups is evident. The genomic assembling advances and applying other methodologies over ITS, and their flanking regions, can help to understand the telomere participation in the chromosomal evolution in species groups with highly diversified karyotypes.

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“…Complete genome duplications may be less likely, as there is a lack of correlation of chromosome number and genome size. Despite their mostly higher chromosome numbers, ensiferans typically have smaller genomes than caeliferans [11]. Remarkably in this context, the most recent record holder for genome size in Orthoptera is the ensiferan Deracantha onos (1C = 19.60 pg; [12]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal genomes vary widely in size, and much of their architecture and content remains poorly understood. Even among related groups, such as orders of insects, genomes may vary in size by orders of magnitude–for reasons unknown. The largest known insect genomes were repeatedly found in Orthoptera, e.g., Podisma pedestris (1C = 16.93 pg), Stethophyma grossum (1C = 18.48 pg) and Bryodemella holdereri (1C = 18.64 pg). While all these species belong to the suborder of Caelifera, the ensiferan Deracantha onos (1C = 19.60 pg) was recently found to have the largest genome. Here, we present new genome size estimates of 50 further species of Ensifera (superfamilies Gryllidea, Tettigoniidea) and Caelifera (Acrididae, Tetrigidae) based on flow cytometric measurements. We found that Bryodemella tuberculata (Caelifera: Acrididae) has the so far largest measured genome of all insects with 1C = 21.96 pg (21.48 gBp). Species of Orthoptera with 2n = 16 and 2n = 22 chromosomes have significantly larger genomes than species with other chromosome counts. Gryllidea genomes vary between 1C = 0.95 and 2.88 pg, and Tetrigidae between 1C = 2.18 and 2.41, while the genomes of all other studied Orthoptera range in size from 1C = 1.37 to 21.96 pg. Reconstructing ancestral genome sizes based on a phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial genomic data, we found genome size values of >15.84 pg only for the nodes of Bryodemella holdereri / B. tuberculata and Chrysochraon dispar / Euthystira brachyptera. The predicted values of ancestral genome sizes are 6.19 pg for Orthoptera, 5.37 pg for Ensifera, and 7.28 pg for Caelifera. The reasons for the large genomes in Orthoptera remain largely unknown, but a duplication or polyploidization seems unlikely as chromosome numbers do not differ much. Sequence-based genomic studies may shed light on the underlying evolutionary mechanisms.

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Evolution of chromosome number in grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications

New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications

Telomere organization and the interstitial telomeric sites involvement in insects and vertebrates chromosome evolution

New estimates of genome size in Orthoptera and their evolutionary implications

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