Evolution of chevron folds by profile shape changes: comparison between multilayer deformation experiments and folds of the Bendigo-Castlemaine goldfields, Australia

Fowler, T.J.; Winsor, C.N.

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(95)00191-3

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This variation of profile geometry correlates with the change in hinge trend from NE‐SW to closer to E‐W but may also be related to position relative to granite bodies which may have afforded protection from late deformation (Figure 2). Oblique profiles of rounded and chevron profiles of plunging folds (e.g., Figure 4c, locations 4 and 7) compare with similar variations noted in cross sections by Horne and Culshaw [2001] and are a result of progressive development of buckles in certain multilayers [ Fowler and Winsor , 1996].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The Acadian fold belt in the Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia: Cross sections, fold mechanisms, and tectonic implications

Culshaw

Lee

2006

Tectonics

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[1] Structural data and cross sections from the eastern part of the Devonian-Carboniferous fold belt of the Meguma Terrane give insight into its structural development and crustal tectonics. The sandy Goldenville Formation, the active competent member during buckling, formed a multilayer several kilometers thick that lay beneath the denser, softer muds and silts of the Halifax Formation. Cross sections reveal 2 orders of folds: 11-18 km wavelength folds are interpreted as resulting from buckling under the influence of gravity; 4-6 km wavelength folds reflect the thickness of the multilayer with buckle shortening in the range 32-44%. Depth to detachment derived from the sections (11-13.5 km below present erosion surface) is such that given the depth of the detachment below the paleosurface during the main phase (pre-Devonian granite) of folding, it would likely have been a relatively soft and thick shear zone that would have influenced profile geometry of the main phase folds at this stage of fold belt development. Granite production that may have been triggered by mantle delamination during continuing convergence accompanying terminal Pangean assembly and ocean basin closure was followed by rapid exhumation. Later localized deformation (Late Devonian-Carboniferous) in the fold belt took place as the Meguma Terrane was displaced along the terrane-bounding CobequidChedabucto fault system. The characteristic asymmetric cross sections of structures of this phase are attributed to cooling and strengthening of the detachment that was a consequence of the postgranite uplift and exhumation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The Acadian fold belt in the Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia: Cross sections, fold mechanisms, and tectonic implications

Culshaw

Lee

2006

Tectonics

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“…The change from box folds with conjugate axial surfaces to upright chevron folds during progressive deformation produced in our models also occurred in 1g experiments of alternating lubricated ''soft'' and ''stiff'' plasticine multilayers embedded in slabs of a putty-plasticine mixture (Fowler and Winsor 1996). In some of their models, slip has occurred along the basal contact that acts as a décoll-ement, whereas the contact is folded in their other models; similar folds are produced in both cases.…”

Section: Comparisons With Previous Modelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In some of their models, slip has occurred along the basal contact that acts as a décoll-ement, whereas the contact is folded in their other models; similar folds are produced in both cases. Fowler and Winsor (1996) provide a geometrical analysis of this process and compare the results to natural folds in turbidites in central Victoria, Australia. Propagation of folds from closest to the moving end wall towards the fixed wall (i.e.…”

Section: Comparisons With Previous Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Centrifuge modelling of deformation of a multi-layered sequence over a ductile substrate: 1. Style and 4D geometry of active cover folds during layer-parallel shortening

Yakymchuk

Harris

Godin

2011

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Centrifuge analogue modelling illustrates the progressive development of active folds in multilayers upon a ductile substrate during layer-parallel shortening. Models simulate folding of a mechanically stratified sedimentary sequence upon migmatitic gneisses in a large hot orogen, or upon a thick basal evaporite ± shale sequence in deeper levels of fold belts. The absence of a weak lowviscosity and low-density layer at the interface promotes infolding of the cover sequence and ductile substrate, whereas a planar upper surface to the basal ductile substrate is preserved when it is present. Whilst fold style, wavelength, and deformation of the interface with the ductile substrate differ depending on whether a low-viscosity and low-density layer is present at the base of the cover sequence, there is no marked systematic curvature of fold axes as seen in previous sandbox models for faultbend or fault propagation folding during bulk shortening. Bulk shortening of a layered sequence with relatively thick individual layers above a ductile substrate promotes a regular and upright train of buckle folds, whereas thinner layers promote a more irregular distribution of buckle folds with variable vergence, style, and amplitude. Buckle folds above a ductile substrate progressively develop during bulk shortening from open and upright, to angular and tight, and may further develop into cuspate structures above relatively weak horizons. Relatively thick weak horizons within the layered sequence during bulk shortening interrupt regular fold patterns up structural section and allow out-of-phase folds to develop above and below the weak horizon.

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“…4). il n'est pas toujours évident d'y établir les relations entre les VPS et les phases distinctes de plissement (Ryan et Smith, 1998 Fowler et Winsor, 1996). Néanmoins, des exemples naturels restent encore à documenter.…”

Section: 1) Les Bassins Océaniques Résiduels Les Fosses Océaniqueunclassified

“…1,1, Schémas des modeles proposés pour expliquer i'origine des veines parallèles à la stratification; (a) fracturation hydraulique à la suite de surpressurisation du fluide pendant la compaction sédimentaire (Fitches et al, 1986;Henderson et al, 1990); (b) une variante de (a) avec intervention de compression tectonique précoce (Graves et Zentilli, 1982); (c) arc-boutement des lits compétents gréseux (en gris) pendant les phases précoces du plissement tandis que les lits incompétente argileux (en blanc) continuent à se raccourcir de façon homogène conduisant au décollement le long du pian de stratification (Jessell ei al., 1994); (d) plissement avec ouverture parallèle au plan axia! (Smith et Marshall, 1993);(e) une variante du modèle de « kink band » (Ramsay, 1967) adapté au pli coffré (Fowler et Winsor, 1996); (f) plissement en chevron par déformation de flanc avec cisaillement et ouverture le long des plans de stratification (Tanner, 1989;Cosgrove, 1993);d'après Fowler (1996).…”

Section: Objectifs Spécifiquesunclassified

Caractérisation des gisements d'or filoniens concordants dans les turbidites plissées de Jinping, sud-est Guizhou (Chine) /

Keïta¹

2007

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Evolution of chevron folds by profile shape changes: comparison between multilayer deformation experiments and folds of the Bendigo-Castlemaine goldfields, Australia

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

The Acadian fold belt in the Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia: Cross sections, fold mechanisms, and tectonic implications

The Acadian fold belt in the Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia: Cross sections, fold mechanisms, and tectonic implications

Centrifuge modelling of deformation of a multi-layered sequence over a ductile substrate: 1. Style and 4D geometry of active cover folds during layer-parallel shortening

Caractérisation des gisements d'or filoniens concordants dans les turbidites plissées de Jinping, sud-est Guizhou (Chine) /

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