Evolution of Calcium Aluminate Inclusions by Cerium Treatment in Al‐Killed Steel during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Refining Process

Geng, Ruming; Li, Jing; Shi, Chengbin

doi:10.1002/srin.202000117

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The addition of La and Ce led to high losses in both cases, the industrial and the laboratory trials. In the industrial experiment, the amount of REEs was approximately 40 ppm, similar to the studies of Gao et al [17] and Geng et al [18] where Ce was used as a tracer. The amount was significantly lower compared to the laboratory trials since the previous investigation of Tian et al [22] found that REEs may increase the clogging tendency.…”

Section: Recovery Ratessupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The employed amount was adopted from other industrial trials documented in the literature. [15,17,18] A compromise was sought to achieve the highest possible REE content within the steel without negatively impacting the castability. Subsequently, another circulation period of 8 min ensured proper homogenization of La or Ce within the melt and promoted inclusion removal, thereby ensuring a high level of cleanness.…”

Section: Industrial Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tracing of Deoxidation Products in Ti‐Stabilized Interstitial Free Steels by La and Ce on an Industrial and Laboratory Scale

Truschner,

Thiele,

Ilie

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The continuous casting of Al‐killed Ti‐stabilized interstitial free steels is often affected by clogging. By today, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is not entirely clarified. The active tracing method, which involves the direct addition of rare‐earth elements (REEs), enables tracking of nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs) over process time. Due to the high oxygen affinity of these elements, preexisting NMIs are partially reduced and marked by this tracer. Using scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, it is possible to differentiate such labeled NMIs from particles formed at later stages in the process by the absence of these tracing elements. Active tracing is used in industrial and laboratory settings to trace preexisting alumina NMIs with La or Ce. In the investigation, it is revealed that the number of small NMIs increases after the addition of REEs, and subsequently, the size increases again after FeTi is alloyed. In both settings, traced and untraced Al–Ti oxides are found. The separation tendency of traced NMIs is studied over time by analyzing the composition of the slags. Furthermore, the impact of deoxidation products on the formation of the clogging layer within the submerged entry nozzle is investigated, indicating that these NMIs contribute to its formation.

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Section: Recovery Ratessupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Industrial Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing of Deoxidation Products in Ti‐Stabilized Interstitial Free Steels by La and Ce on an Industrial and Laboratory Scale

Truschner,

Thiele,

Ilie

et al. 2023

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With the addition of 80 kg of Ce–Fe alloy, the Ce content of the slabs was increased to 0.0023%. Compared to the sample without adding Ce, the total oxygen and sulphur contents after adding Ce did not be reduced obviously, which has been analysed in a previous study [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of Ce on inclusion evolution and HAZ mechanical properties of Al-killed high-strength steel

Geng

Shi

2021

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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The effect of Ce on inclusion evolution behaviour in 700 MPa class Al-killed high-strength steel was investigated through experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations. Simulated welding experiments and mechanical characterisation tests of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were also carried out to investigate the effect of adding Ce on the welding performance. The results reveal that the typical inclusions of Ce-free steel are the CaS + Mg-Al-O + Ti(C,N) complex inclusion and isolated CaS inclusion. For Ce-containing steel, the typical inclusion is Ce-Ca-O-S + CaS + Ti(C,N). Furthermore, the number density of inclusions increases, and the average size of inclusions decreases after adding Ce. Lastly, the toughness and strength of the HAZ tested with heat inputs of 25 and 50 kJ cm -1 are evidently improved by adding Ce.

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“…Related first-order interaction parameters used in this calculation have been listed in Table 3. [27,29,30] The change in Gibbs free energy during the chemical reactions to form rare earth inclusions (the ratio of Ce to La in the alloy was 1:3) at 1600°C according to the reactions and activity coefficients of each element is shown in Figure 6 The formation of rare earth inclusions is related to the Gibbs free energy and affected by mutual transformation. Therefore, the mutual transformation between the rare earth inclusions was further calculated, as shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Calculation Of Rare Earth Inclusion Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rare earth on inclusion evolution and corrosion resistance of HRB400E steel

Huang

Geng

et al. 2022

Materials & Corrosion

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The effect of rare earth elements Ce and La on the evolution behavior of inclusions in HRB400E steel was studied through experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations. Neutral salt spray corrosion experiments were also conducted to investigate the effect of Ce–La on the corrosion resistance of steel. The results showed that the typical inclusions in steel without rare earth were MnS and MnO–SiO2. A small amount of Mn–Si–O–S inclusions was also observed. After adding rare earth, the typical inclusions were transformed into isolated (Ce,La)2O2S, (Ce,La)2O3 + MnS, and (Ce,La)2O2S + MnS complex inclusions. The thermodynamic calculations indicated that the rare earth elements in molten steel preferentially reacted with MnO–SiO2 inclusions and dissolved oxygen and sulfur to form (Ce,La)2O3 and (Ce,La)2O2S. Small amounts of [S] and [Mn] adhered to the surface of the nucleated rare earth inclusions to form complex inclusions. After Ce–La treatment, the corrosion rate of the steel decreased from 3.491 to 1.992 mm year−1, and the corrosion resistance was improved. The change in corrosion behavior is due to the modification of the inclusions into rare earth inclusions with good compatibility with the steel matrix.

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Evolution of Calcium Aluminate Inclusions by Cerium Treatment in Al‐Killed Steel during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Refining Process

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Tracing of Deoxidation Products in Ti‐Stabilized Interstitial Free Steels by La and Ce on an Industrial and Laboratory Scale

Tracing of Deoxidation Products in Ti‐Stabilized Interstitial Free Steels by La and Ce on an Industrial and Laboratory Scale

Effect of Ce on inclusion evolution and HAZ mechanical properties of Al-killed high-strength steel

Effect of rare earth on inclusion evolution and corrosion resistance of HRB400E steel

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