Evolution of brain abscess in cats formation of capsule and resolution of brain edema

Wallenfang, Th.; Bohl, J.; Kretzschmar, Konrad

doi:10.1007/bf01644062

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Abscesses are confined bacterial infections that consist of a localized lesion with an accumulation of pus, surrounded by a surrounding capsule built by fibroblasts 1 and inflammation. It is formed by the interaction of the immune system of an individual with the bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focused ultrasound treatment of abscesses induced by methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus: Feasibility study in a mouse model

et al. 2014

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Purpose:To study the therapeutic effect of focused ultrasound on abscesses induced by methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA is a major nosocomial pathogen where immunocompromised patients are prone to develop infections that are less and less responsive to regular treatments. Because of its capability to induce a rise of temperature at a very precise location, the use of focused ultrasound represents a considerable opportunity for therapy of localized MRSA-related infections. Methods: 50 μl of MRSA strain USA400 bacteria suspension at a concentration of 1.32 ± 0.5 × 10 5 colony forming units (cfu)/μl was injected subcutaneously in the left flank of BALB/c mice. An abscess of 6 ± 2 mm in diameter formed after 48 h. A transducer operating at 3 MHz with a focal length of 50 mm and diameter of 32 mm was used to treat the abscess. The focal point was positioned 2 mm under the skin at the abscess center. Forty-eight hours after injection four ultrasound exposures of 9 s each were applied to each abscess under magnetic resonance imaging guidance. Each exposure was followed by a 1 min pause. These parameters were based on preliminary experiments to ensure repetitive accurate heating of the abscess. Real-time estimation of change of temperature was done using water-proton resonance frequency and a communication toolbox (matMRI) developed inhouse. Three experimental groups of animals each were tested: control, moderate temperature (MT), and high temperature (HT). MT and HT groups reached, respectively, 52.3 ± 5.1 and 63.8 ± 7.5• C at the end of exposure. Effectiveness of the treatment was assessed by evaluating the bacteria amount of the treated abscess 1 and 4 days after treatment. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay evaluating the neutrophil amount was performed to assess the local neutrophil recruitment and the white blood cell count was used to evaluate the systemic inflammatory response after focused ultrasound treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focused ultrasound treatment of abscesses induced by methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus: Feasibility study in a mouse model

et al. 2014

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“…The abscess is formed by an interaction of the immune response of an individual with the bacteria. Abscesses present a fibroblast capsule that surrounds the infection [2]. The initiation and purpose of the capsule is ambiguous but it has been observed that it inhibits the clearance of the bacteria by immune cells and makes it difficult for antibiotics to reach the bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of localized abscesses induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using MRgFUS: First in vivo results

Rieck¹,

Curiel²,

Mougenot³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract.Background In the present work we study the therapeutic effect of focused ultrasound on localized abscess induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA is a major nosocomial pathogen in health-care facilities. The people, particularly those who are immunocompromised are prone to develop infectious sites that often are non-responsive to regular treatments. Because of its capability to induce a rise of temperature at a very precise location, the use of focused ultrasound represents a considerable opportunity to propose a new therapy for MRSA-related infections.

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“…Phagocytes then degrade defective tissues, generating liquefaction necroses that are eventually drained to organ surfaces (2). Another host response to injury, the deposition of fibrin at the periphery of necrotic lesions, aims to delineate areas of inflammation from healthy tissues and limit the extent of tissue replacement with fibrotic scars (3). Localized drainage of pus, the byproduct of liquefaction necrosis, can therefore be appreciated as a clinical sign of healing following injury (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic requirements forStaphylococcus aureusabscess formation and persistence in host tissues

et al. 2009

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Staphylococcus aureus infections are associated with abscess formation and bacterial persistence; however, the genes that enable this lifestyle are not known. We show here that following intravenous infection of mice, S. aureus disseminates rapidly into organ tissues and elicits abscess lesions that develop over weeks but cannot be cleared by the host. Staphylococci grow as communities at the center of abscess lesions and are enclosed by pseudocapsules, separating the pathogen from immune cells. By testing insertional variants in genes for cell wall-anchored surface proteins, we are able to infer the stage at which these molecules function. Fibrinogen-binding proteins ClfA and ClfB are required during the early phase of staphylococcal dissemination. The heme scavenging factors IsdA and IsdB, as well as SdrD and protein A, are necessary for abscess formation. Envelope-associated proteins, Emp and Eap, are either required for abscess formation or contribute to persistence. Fluorescence microscopy revealed Eap deposition within the pseudocapsule, whereas Emp was localized within staphylococcal abscess communities. Antibodies directed against envelope-associated proteins generated vaccine protection against staphylococcal abscess formation. Thus, staphylococci employ envelope proteins at discrete stages of a developmental program that enables abscess formation and bacterial persistence in host tissues.

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Evolution of brain abscess in cats formation of capsule and resolution of brain edema

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Focused ultrasound treatment of abscesses induced by methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus: Feasibility study in a mouse model

Focused ultrasound treatment of abscesses induced by methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus: Feasibility study in a mouse model

Treatment of localized abscesses induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using MRgFUS: First in vivo results

Genetic requirements forStaphylococcus aureusabscess formation and persistence in host tissues

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