Evolution of Asparagus L. (Asparagaceae): Out-of-South-Africa and multiple origins of sexual dimorphism

Norup, Maria F.; Petersen, Gitte; Burrows, Sandie; Bouchenak‐Khelladi, Yanis; Leebens‐Mack, Jim; Pires, J. Chris; Linder, H. Peter; Seberg, Ole

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.06.002

Cited by 42 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…Recently, Norup et al (2015) proposed two origins of dioecy within Asparagus , providing an alternative to the previously hypothesized single origin (Kubota et al 2012). Our sampling includes species derived from both of the hypothesized origins of dioecy from Norup et al (2015), which indicates that dioecy evolved in one clade that includes A. officinalis and A. maritimus , as well as another clade that includes A. stipularis and A. aphyllus .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our sampling includes species derived from both of the hypothesized origins of dioecy from Norup et al (2015), which indicates that dioecy evolved in one clade that includes A. officinalis and A. maritimus , as well as another clade that includes A. stipularis and A. aphyllus . In the case of multiple origins of dioecy, without hermaphroditic outgroup species for each origin, our limited sampling does not allow us to describe the potentially different repetitive element radiations in the two dioecious clades.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is a particularly useful dioecious plant for studying sex chromosome evolution given that it has cytologically homomorphic X and Y sex chromosomes, suggesting that the transition from hermaphroditism to dioecy was recent (Telgmann-Rauber et al 2007; Kubota et al 2012). Coincident with the evolution of dioecy was a range shift from South Africa into North Africa, Europe, and Asia (Štajner et al 2002; Kubota et al 2012; Norup et al 2015). It was previously reported that dioecious Asparagus species tend to have larger genomes than hermaphrodites, but there was no evidence supporting a WGD event that separates the dioecious species from the hermaphrodites (Kuhl et al 2005).…”

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Retrotransposon Proliferation Coincident with the Evolution of Dioecy inAsparagus

Harkess

Mercati

Abbate

et al. 2016

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Current phylogenetic sampling reveals that dioecy and an XY sex chromosome pair evolved once, or possibly twice, in the genus Asparagus. Although there appear to be some lineage-specific polyploidization events, the base chromosome number of 2n = 2× = 20 is relatively conserved across the Asparagus genus. Regardless, dioecious species tend to have larger genomes than hermaphroditic species. Here, we test whether this genome size expansion in dioecious species is related to a polyploidization and subsequent chromosome fusion, or to retrotransposon proliferation in dioecious species. We first estimate genome sizes, or use published values, for four hermaphrodites and four dioecious species distributed across the phylogeny, and show that dioecious species typically have larger genomes than hermaphroditic species. Utilizing a phylogenomic approach, we find no evidence for ancient polyploidization contributing to increased genome sizes of sampled dioecious species. We do find support for an ancient whole genome duplication (WGD) event predating the diversification of the Asparagus genus. Repetitive DNA content of the four hermaphroditic and four dioecious species was characterized based on randomly sampled whole genome shotgun sequencing, and common elements were annotated. Across our broad phylogenetic sampling, Ty-1 Copia retroelements, in particular, have undergone a marked proliferation in dioecious species. In the absence of a detectable WGD event, retrotransposon proliferation is the most likely explanation for the precipitous increase in genome size in dioecious Asparagus species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Retrotransposon Proliferation Coincident with the Evolution of Dioecy inAsparagus

Harkess

Mercati

Abbate

et al. 2016

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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“…As others have documented, range expansion out of South Africa is associated with a transition of ancestrally hermaphroditic Asparagus species to dioecy within a clade distributed across Europe and Asia. ( Stajner et al 2002;Kuhl et al 2005;Kanno and Yokoyama 2011;Kubota et al 2012;Norup et al 2015). Founder populations formed during this range expansion with small effective population sizes may have been especially susceptible to weakly deleterious transposon proliferation due to the reduced strength of purifying selection relative to populations with large effective sizes (Lynch et al 2011).…”

Section: Transposon Clustering Yields Phylogenetic Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coincident with the evolution of dioecy was a range shift from South Africa into North Africa, Europe, and Asia ( Stajner et al 2002;Kubota et al 2012;Norup et al 2015). It was previously reported that dioecious Asparagus species tend to have larger genomes than hermaphrodites, but there was no evidence supporting a WGD event that separates the dioecious species from the hermaphrodites (Kuhl et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrotransposon proliferation coincident with the evolution of dioecy inAsparagus

Harkess¹,

Mercati

Abbate

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Current phylogenetic sampling reveals that dioecy and an XY sex chromosome pair evolved once, or possibly twice, in the genus Asparagus. Although there appear to be some lineage-specific polyploidization events, the base chromosome number of 2n = 2· = 20 is relatively conserved across the Asparagus genus. Regardless, dioecious species tend to have larger genomes than hermaphroditic species. Here, we test whether this genome size expansion in dioecious species is related to a polyploidization and subsequent chromosome fusion, or to retrotransposon proliferation in dioecious species. We first estimate genome sizes, or use published values, for four hermaphrodites and four dioecious species distributed across the phylogeny, and show that dioecious species typically have larger genomes than hermaphroditic species. Utilizing a phylogenomic approach, we find no evidence for ancient polyploidization contributing to increased genome sizes of sampled dioecious species. We do find support for an ancient whole genome duplication (WGD) event predating the diversification of the Asparagus genus. Repetitive DNA content of the four hermaphroditic and four dioecious species was characterized based on randomly sampled whole genome shotgun sequencing, and common elements were annotated. Across our broad phylogenetic sampling, Ty-1 Copia retroelements, in particular, have undergone a marked proliferation in dioecious species. In the absence of a detectable WGD event, retrotransposon proliferation is the most likely explanation for the precipitous increase in genome size in dioecious Asparagus species. KEYWORDS

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Young evolutionary origins of dioecy in the genus Asparagus

Bentz,

Liu,

Yang

et al. 2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseDioecy (separate sexes) has independently evolved numerous times across the angiosperm phylogeny and is recently derived in many lineages. However, our understanding is limited regarding the evolutionary mechanisms that drive the origins of dioecy in plants. The recent and repeated evolution of dioecy across angiosperms offers an opportunity to make strong inferences about the ecological, developmental, and molecular factors influencing the evolution of dioecy, and thus sex chromosomes. The genus Asparagus (Asparagaceae) is an emerging model taxon for studying dioecy and sex chromosome evolution, yet estimates for the age and origin of dioecy in the genus are lacking.MethodsWe use plastome sequences and fossil time calibrations in phylogenetic analyses to investigate the age and origin of dioecy in the genus Asparagus. We also review the diversity of sexual systems present across the genus to address contradicting reports in the literature.ResultsWe estimate that dioecy evolved once or twice approximately 2.78−3.78 million years ago in Asparagus, of which roughly 27% of the species are dioecious and the remaining are hermaphroditic with monoclinous flowers.ConclusionsOur findings support previous work implicating a young age and the possibility of two origins of dioecy in Asparagus, which appear to be associated with rapid radiations and range expansion out of Africa. Lastly, we speculate that paleoclimatic oscillations throughout northern Africa may have helped set the stage for the origin(s) of dioecy in Asparagus approximately 2.78−3.78 million years ago.

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Evolution of Asparagus L. (Asparagaceae): Out-of-South-Africa and multiple origins of sexual dimorphism

Cited by 42 publications

References 92 publications

Retrotransposon Proliferation Coincident with the Evolution of Dioecy inAsparagus

Retrotransposon Proliferation Coincident with the Evolution of Dioecy inAsparagus

Retrotransposon proliferation coincident with the evolution of dioecy inAsparagus

Young evolutionary origins of dioecy in the genus Asparagus

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