2017
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617849114
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Evolution of antibiotic resistance is linked to any genetic mechanism affecting bacterial duration of carriage

Abstract: Understanding how changes in antibiotic consumption affect the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is important for public health. In a number of bacterial species, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, the prevalence of resistance has remained relatively stable despite prolonged selection pressure from antibiotics. The evolutionary processes allowing the robust coexistence of antibiotic sensitive and resistant strains are not fully understood. While allelic diversity can be maintained at … Show more

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Cited by 130 publications
(216 citation statements)
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References 27 publications
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“…This hypothesis was verified in S. pneumoniae, where different capsular types (serotypes) are stably maintained by the interaction with serotype-specific host immunity and determine the duration of carriage (asymptomatic colonization). Carriage duration is theoretically predicted to be positively associated with resistance, a prediction verified in several data sets (Lehtinen, Blanquart, Croucher, et al, 2017). More generally, ecologically important bacterial traits with stable genetic diversity (Levin, 1988) could be interacting with resistance, which would promote the evolution of resistant and sensitive clones stably coexisting and associated with some of these traits.…”
Section: Models Of Resistance Evolution In the Communitymentioning
confidence: 82%
“…This hypothesis was verified in S. pneumoniae, where different capsular types (serotypes) are stably maintained by the interaction with serotype-specific host immunity and determine the duration of carriage (asymptomatic colonization). Carriage duration is theoretically predicted to be positively associated with resistance, a prediction verified in several data sets (Lehtinen, Blanquart, Croucher, et al, 2017). More generally, ecologically important bacterial traits with stable genetic diversity (Levin, 1988) could be interacting with resistance, which would promote the evolution of resistant and sensitive clones stably coexisting and associated with some of these traits.…”
Section: Models Of Resistance Evolution In the Communitymentioning
confidence: 82%
“…These evolutionary processes suggest that, to limit the drug resistance escalation, molecules acting simultaneously on multiple bacterial targets are urgently needed to replace single‐target drugs that now require to be used in more and more complex combinations (the standard treatment of TB disease is composed by a minimum of four drugs). In addition, the detailed knowledge of evolutionary mechanisms will help develop accurate models to predict the evolution of drug resistance and thus to better control it as underlined by other authors (Lehtinen et al., 2017; Schenk & de Visser, 2013). …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To fix this issue with SNPs would likely require a labour intensive mapping and joint recalling of variation, whereas using sequence elements can use the simple search implemented in unitig-caller. Depending on the specific model and dataset combination, errors can be much more commonly type I or type II, possibly reflecting class imbalance, despite overall resistance rates in the pneumococcus being stable (62) . The GPS cohort gave the worst performing model, despite it being the largest collection.…”
Section: Variant Typementioning
confidence: 99%