Evolution of an Emerging Symmetric Quantum Cryptographic Algorithm

Abstract

With the rapid evolution of data exchange in network environments, information security has been the most important process for data storage and communication. In order to provide such information security, the confidentiality, data integrity, and data origin authentication must be verified based on cryptographic encryption algorithms. This paper presents a new emerging trend of modern symmetric encryption algorithm by development of the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm. The new development focuses on the integration between Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and an enhanced version of AES. A new quantum symmetric encryption algorithm, which is abbreviated as Quantum-AES (QAES), is the output of such integration. QAES depends on generation of dynamic quantum S-Boxes (DQS-Boxes) based quantum cipher key, instead of the ordinary used static S-Boxes. Furthermore, QAES exploits the specific selected secret key generated from the QKD cipher using two different modes (online and off-line).

Lightweight Key Management Scheme for Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks

“…In Asymmetric key, each node, the sender and receiver, have two keys which are the public key that known to all nodes in the network and secret key which is private [5]. Symmetric cryptography is less computation and consuming less energy than Asymmetric Key [4].…”

Enhancing the Security of AES Algorithm using Quantum Three-Pass Protocol

“…Jasim et al in [16] introduced an enhanced version of AES algorithm, quantum-AES which is based on the generation of dynamic quantum S-box utilizing the cipher key generated by quantum key distribution in both, online and offline mode. This QAES generates more complicated and unbreakable key that is utilized to generate dynamic sbox.…”

“…In layman's words, cryptography means information security and the most effective way to ensure it is encryption-decryption techniques [5]. These techniques can be either symmetric or asymmetric based on the usage of the key, where a key is a numeric or may be some special symbol which is utilized to convert the plain text into cipher text and vice-versa [16]. In a symmetric cryptosystem such as AES, the communicating parties use a single key for both, enciphering-deciphering.…”

Quantum Information Science

“…However, there are also more exotic applications. These applications include: the ability to transfer quantum information without transmitting physical particles [ 83 ], quantum authentication [ 84 ], quantum-advanced encryption standard (Q-AES) [ 85 ], and quantum unclonable functions for authentication [ 86 ].…”