“…After dynamic softening had taken place, it led to an offset of work hardening effect. In other words, flow stresses decreased monotonically to higher strain because the effect of work hardening could be partially neutralized by the occurrence of dynamic softening mechanisms [8][9]. At last, the flow stresses, that gradually decreased, approached a steady state because of dynamic recrystallization during hot deformation [10].…”
Section: Flow Behaviormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Extensive investigations according to dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of alloys have been focused on the study of flow stress behavior under different deformation condition and microstructure evolutions by optical microscope [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Most recent works analyzed correlations between developed microstructures and stress-strain responses.…”
Abstract. Manganese Aluminum Bronze or MAB alloy has been extensively used for applications under sea water such as marine propellers because this alloy exhibits high strength as well as excellent corrosion resistance behavior. In this work, microstructures and hardness properties of an annealed MAB alloy after hot deformation at different temperatures of 973 K -1123 K and strain rates between 0.1s -1 and 1 s -1 were investigated. During the tests, stress-strain responses of the alloy were determined, and effects of temperature and strain rate on the flow behavior of the MAB alloy were subsequently examined. Furthermore, microstructures of deformed MAB alloy were characterized by both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Effect of microstructure on stress-strain curves was illustrated for various forming conditions. The results showed at different temperature and strain was found dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization.
“…After dynamic softening had taken place, it led to an offset of work hardening effect. In other words, flow stresses decreased monotonically to higher strain because the effect of work hardening could be partially neutralized by the occurrence of dynamic softening mechanisms [8][9]. At last, the flow stresses, that gradually decreased, approached a steady state because of dynamic recrystallization during hot deformation [10].…”
Section: Flow Behaviormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Extensive investigations according to dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of alloys have been focused on the study of flow stress behavior under different deformation condition and microstructure evolutions by optical microscope [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Most recent works analyzed correlations between developed microstructures and stress-strain responses.…”
Abstract. Manganese Aluminum Bronze or MAB alloy has been extensively used for applications under sea water such as marine propellers because this alloy exhibits high strength as well as excellent corrosion resistance behavior. In this work, microstructures and hardness properties of an annealed MAB alloy after hot deformation at different temperatures of 973 K -1123 K and strain rates between 0.1s -1 and 1 s -1 were investigated. During the tests, stress-strain responses of the alloy were determined, and effects of temperature and strain rate on the flow behavior of the MAB alloy were subsequently examined. Furthermore, microstructures of deformed MAB alloy were characterized by both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Effect of microstructure on stress-strain curves was illustrated for various forming conditions. The results showed at different temperature and strain was found dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization.
“…Therefore, the hot deformation activation energy will vary with these deformation conditions. From Equation (2), in which the activation energy is temperature and strain rate dependent [11], the activation energy, Q2v, under different deformation conditions were calculated. The results are listed in Table 3.…”
Section: Calculation Of the Hot Deformation Activation Energymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, Zhang et al [10] found that the hot deformation activation energy of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy increases with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Shi et al [11] found that the hot deformation activation energy of an AA7150 aluminum alloy is not constant and decreases with increasing deformation temperature and strain rate. Therefore, a modified constitutive equation was proposed, wherein the term for activation energy is treated as a variant involving temperature and strain rate.…”
Abstract:In this study, the hot deformation activation energy values of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy, calculated with two different methods under three deformation modes, were compared. The results showed that the hot deformation activation energy values obtained with the classical constitutive equation are nearly equivalent under the hot tensile, compression, and shear-compression deformation modes. Average values exhibited an obvious increase when calculated with the modified constitutive equation because it can reflect the variation of activation energy with deformation conditions such as deformation temperature, strain rate and strain state. Moreover, the values under tensile and compression deformation modes were nearly the same regardless of the calculation method. The higher average value under the shear-compression deformation mode with modified equation indicates that the strain state has a significant effect on the hot deformation activation energy. In addition, when the activation energy was investigated for various deformation conditions, the effect of the strain state on the activation energy was more significant. Under a certain condition, the activation energy was the same for the three deformation modes.
“…This complexity of deformation behavior, however, leads to the expectation that deformation can only be accurately calculated with the aid of computer code to model the material's response under the specified loading conditions. For this purpose, constitutive equation is often used to represent flow behaviors of materials in a form that can be used in computer code to model and simulate the mechanical behavior of materials and deformation processes under the prevailing loading conditions [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In order to obtain the reliable simulation results, it is necessary an accurate model that can correctly describe the relationship between flow stress and processing parameters.…”
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