Evolution of a Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis: About a Case

Abstract

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue. It is rare and is characterized by the development of multiple peritoneal nodules simulating peritoneal carcinosis. Less than 200 cases have been reported in the literature so far. We are reporting a case of DPL detected during a Caesarean section 6 years ago in a 41-year-old female patient, G5P2. The patient underwent an elective iterative caesarean section at 38 weeks of amenorrhea for a fetus in breech presentation. During laparotomy, there was a marked regression of the peritoneal nodules varying in size from 0.1 to 0.5 cm. Histological examination showed a proliferation of smooth muscle fibers without mitosis, atypia or necrosis. DPL is a benign, confusing condition that simulates peritoneal carcinomatosis, which must be recognized as such in order to avoid a dilapidated and unnecessary surgical procedure.