Evolution of 3D weaving and 3D woven fabric structures

Abstract

Abstract3D fabric preforms are used as reinforcements in composite applications. 3D woven preforms have a huge demand in ballistic applications, aircraft industry, automobiles and structural reinforcements. A variety of 3D woven fabric reinforced composites and two dimensional woven fabric reinforced laminates can be found in the literature. However, the majority of the said products lack in delamination resistance and possess poor out-of-plane mechanical characteristics, due to the absence or insufficiency of through-thickness reinforcement. 3D fully interlaced preform weaving introduces a method of producing fully interlaced 3D woven fabric structures with through-thickness reinforcement, which enhances the delamination resistance as well as out-of-plane mechanical characteristics. 3D woven fabric preforms made from 3D fully interlaced preform weaving, using high-performance fiber yarns such as Dyneema, Carbon, Kevlar and Zylon, have exceptional mechanical properties with light-weight characteristics, which make them suitable candidates for high-end technical composite applications. In this work, a brief introduction is given to the history of weaving followed by an introduction to 3D woven fabrics. In the existing literature, an emphasis is given to the 3D fully interlaced preform weaving process, distinguishing it from other 3D woven fabric manufacturing methods. Subsequently, a comprehensive review is made on the existing literature on 3D fully interlaced preform weaving devices, such as primary and secondary mechanisms as well as modelling of 3D woven fabric structures produced by 3D fully interlaced preform weaving. Finally, the authors attempted to discuss the existing research gaps with potential directions for future research.

Aachen Technology Overview of 3D Textile Materials and Recent Innovation and Applications

“…As stated in the introduction, 3D woven fabrics can be defined by two main categories: yarn vs fabric architecture. These categories can in turn be further broken down into further sub-categories including 3D solid, 3D hollow, 3D shell and 3D nodal and these can in turn be broken down and so on and so forth [3]; however, due to the fact that the different technologies can be utilized in combination with one another, a clear distinction between these categories is not always possible. For example, currently ITA is developing a variety of 3D woven preforms utilizing both fabric and yarn 3D architecture.…”

“…Woven fabric with a 3D textile architecture such as 3D hollow in which tubes and pockets are formed within the structure and 3D nodal in which tubes are formed and connected [3], are particularly interesting for the composites sector due to their special mechanical properties. When utilizing 3D weaving technology, multiple 2D surfaces are manipulated in such a way that the various layers of fabric are connected during the weaving process, producing a flat cloth that can be unfold to reveal a 3D structure.…”

Review on the performances and applications of mesh-fabrics

“…Weft should go through two processes of coping and pirn winding, then be woven on a machine. 9 The structure of loom and weaving process of simple woven meshes are the same as ordinary woven fabrics. But loom gauge and fabric count are smaller, which causes meshes to occur between warp and weft yarns.…”

“…The effect of fabric structure on the bursting characteristics of warp-knitted surgical mesh. J Textile Inst 2020; 111(9): 1346-1353. 37.…”

A level set-based procedure for the cohesive modeling of yarn–yarn contacts in woven composite RVEs

“…With the help of an appropriate matrix resin and weaving techniques, the long fibers can be woven into various patterns and shapes for practical use, while maintaining most of their stiffness in the loading direction [1,2]. To increase the resistance of long fibers composites to delamination, twodimensional and three-dimensional reinforced architecture patterns have been developed such as plain weave, satin, interlock, or orthogonal weave [3].…”