Evolution in sandstone pore structures with freeze-thaw cycling and interpretation of damage mechanisms in saturated porous rocks

Jia, Hailiang; Ding, Sihao; Zi, Fan; Dong, Yuanhong; Shen, Yanjun

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2020.104915

Cited by 121 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The damage evolution process can be explained from the perspective of fracture mechanics. The pore expansion (or crack propagation) rate is controlled by the stress intensity factor, which is positively correlated to both pore length and frost-heave pressure [45]. The magnitude of frost-heave pressure is determined primarily by volumetric expansion, which is restricted by the pores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frost Damage in Tight Sandstone: Experimental Evaluation and Interpretation of Damage Mechanisms

Ding

Jia

Zi³

et al. 2020

Materials

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Low-porosity tight rocks are widely used as building and engineering materials. The freeze–thaw cycle is a common weathering effect that damages building materials in cold climates. Tight rocks are generally supposed to be highly frost-resistant; thus, studies on frost damage in tight sandstone are rare. In this study, we investigated the deterioration in mechanical properties and changes in P-wave velocity with freeze–thaw cycles in a tight sandstone. We also studied changes to its pore structure using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. The results demonstrate that, with increasing freeze–thaw cycles, (1) the mechanical strength (uniaxial compressive, tensile, shear strengths) exhibits a similar decreasing trend, while (2) the P-wave velocity and total pore volume do not obviously increase or decrease. (3) Nanopores account for >70% of the pores in tight sandstone but do not change greatly with freeze–thaw cycles; however, the micropore volume has a continuously increasing trend that corresponds to the decay in mechanical properties. We calculated the pressure-dependent freezing points in pores of different diameters, finding that water in nanopores (diameter <5.9 nm) remains unfrozen at –20 °C, and micropores >5.9 nm control the evolution of frost damage in tight sandstone. We suggest that pore ice grows from larger pores into smaller ones, generating excess pressure that causes frost damage in micropores and then nanopores, which is manifested in the decrease in mechanical properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frost Damage in Tight Sandstone: Experimental Evaluation and Interpretation of Damage Mechanisms

Ding

Jia

Zi³

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…The water in pores of different diameters has different transverse relaxation times. Therefore, the pore size distribution of a rock can be calculated according to its T 2 spectrum [30]. The relationship between pore water T 2 and the geometric parameters of the pores is:…”

Section: Measurement Of the Pore Structure Of Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bound water mainly occurs as adsorbed water on the surfaces of minerals or as interlayer water in the presence of clay minerals. The T 2 spectrum of pore water in a uniform magnetic field at a constant temperature is dominated by surface relaxation [30], which depends mainly on the nature of the liquid and its affinity for mineral surfaces (or internal surfaces; [32]. Therefore, the fractions of pore water can be deduced from the T 2 spectrum.…”

Section: Categorization Of Pore Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Anisotropy with Dehydration in Layered Sandstone

Liu

Jia

2021

Water

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Anisotropy in rock could significantly affect the stability and safety of rock engineering by differing physical and mechanical properties of rock in different directions. Another major factor for physical and mechanical properties of rock is moisture state, however, whether anisotropy can be altered by it remains unclear. This study investigated variation in anisotropy (by conduct-ing ultrasonic tests) with moisture state (measured by nuclear magnetic resonance) in layered sandstones, and interpreted the phenomenon from the perspective of linking dehydration with pore structure of rock. The results show that (1) sandstone with more obvious bedding bears stronger anisotropy, the P-wave velocity in the perpendicular direction is much lower than that in the parallel direction. (2) The anisotropy index fluctuates around 1 with dehydration of sandstone without obvious bedding, while the anisotropy in sandstone with obvious bedding was significantly enhanced be dehydration. (3) During dehydration bulk water escaped firstly then capillary water and bound water. (4) Dehydration is controlled by the bedding structure. The different dehydration rates of pore water in different directions inevitably lead to heterogeneity in moisture state that change the anisotropy of the rock, which is reflected by the non-synchronous changes in P-wave velocities in different directions.

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“…At present, the study of rock mechanics in cold regions has gradually become one of the hot topics, and the application of new technologies and means promotes its development, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology (Ding et al 2020;Zhou et al 2015;Liu et al 2021;Jia et al 2020;Liu et al 2020a;Pan et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020d;Liu et al 2020b;), Ultrasonic Detections (Ding et al 2020;Wang et al 2017;Çelik, 2020;Wang et al 2019;Ivankina et al 2020), Digital Image Correlation (DIC) (Mardoukhi et al 2021), Neutron Diffraction Measurements (Ivankina et al 2020), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (Wang et al 2017;Çelik, 2020;Wang et al 2019;Chang et al 2020;Abdolghanizadeh et al 2020;Fang et al 2018;Zhou et al 2018;Yang et al 2021b;Zhou et al 2019;Zhao et al 2019), Computed Tomography (CT) technique (Wang et al 2020b), Optical Microscope (Çelik, 2020;Mousavi et al 2020), X-ray Computed Micro-tomography (Deprez et al 2020b), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Zhao et al 2019;Mousavi et al 2020), Acoustic Emission (Wang et al 2020b;Xiao et al 2020), Infrared thermography (Yang et al 2021a). These new techniques and their combined applications help to discover new features in experiments and provide verification means for the development of theory or numerical simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on Characteristics of Impact Compression of Freeze-Thawed Granite Samples Under Four Different States Considering Moisture Content and Temperature Difference

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The mechanics of rock masses in cold regions have attracted the attention of researchers from all over the world, and the concern here is that the mechanical properties of rock masses are inevitably weakened under freeze-thaw cycles. In this paper, firstly, granite samples were subjected to different freeze-thaw cycles, after that, we dealt with the freeze-thawed samples considering four different states, such as saturated and frozen states, saturated and normal temperature states, dry and frozen states as well as dry and normal temperature states. The impact compression test was carried out by using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) device. Results show that the impact strength of granite samples deteriorates with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles in the same state, for samples in different states, although the number of freeze-thaw cycles is equal, the degree of deterioration of the impact strength is different. For freeze-thawed granite samples in the same state, the dynamic elastic modulus decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, and its degree of decrease is different for different states. Under the same freeze-thaw cycles, the deterioration of mechanical properties of granite samples is different in four different weather states, for example, the dynamic elastic modulus from large to small is generally as follows: saturated and frozen states, saturated and normal temperature states, dry and frozen states as well as dry and normal temperature states. Finally, the freeze-thaw influence factor is proposed to describe the damage of granite samples. All in all, it can be concluded that water and low temperature strengthen the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the dynamic mechanical properties of granite samples.

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Evolution in sandstone pore structures with freeze-thaw cycling and interpretation of damage mechanisms in saturated porous rocks

Cited by 121 publications

References 37 publications

Frost Damage in Tight Sandstone: Experimental Evaluation and Interpretation of Damage Mechanisms

Frost Damage in Tight Sandstone: Experimental Evaluation and Interpretation of Damage Mechanisms

Variation in Anisotropy with Dehydration in Layered Sandstone

An Experimental Study on Characteristics of Impact Compression of Freeze-Thawed Granite Samples Under Four Different States Considering Moisture Content and Temperature Difference

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