Evolution, importance and evaluation of cultivar protection in Brazil: the work of the SNPC

Santos, Fabrício Santana; Aviani, Daniela de Moraes; Hidalgo, José Antônio Fernandes; Machado, Ricardo Zanatta; Araújo, Stefânia Palma

doi:10.1590/s1984-70332012000500011

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As of 2013, there were >1000 soybean varieties registered in Brazil with ∼600 cultivars protected by the National Cultivar Protection Service (Ribeiro, Tanure, Maciel, & de Barros, 2013). Numbers of soybean varieties for which applications for protection were sought rose from seven in 1997 to an average of 55 per year during 1998–2011 (Santos, de Moraes Aviani, Hidalgo, Machado, & Araújo, 2012), further increasing to nearly 100 per year during 2014–2017 (Campante, 2018), indicating that the rate of increase can reach several hundred per annum (McDonald, 1984; Oda et al., 2015; UPOV, 2005). As of 2017 there were 2030 varieties of soybean cultivated in China (Liu et al., 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single nucleotide polymorphisms facilitate distinctness‐uniformity‐stability testing of soybean cultivars for plant variety protection

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant variety protection (PVP), or plant breeders’ rights, provides intellectual property protection (IPP) for cultivars. Technical requirements are distinctness, uniformity, and stable (DUS) reproduction. However, field trials are increasingly resource demanding and potentially inconclusive for soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Our objective was to establish methodologies using molecular markers to facilitate DUS testing while maintaining current IPP levels. We determined that DNA from 10–15 bulked plants represented cultivar genotype. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were highly robust in the face of missing and mistyped data; concordances among five laboratories were >.9888. We used SNP, morphological, physiological, and pedigree information to examine 322 publicly available cultivars including 187 with PVPs. Associations among cultivars following multivariate analyses of genetic distances from SNP data and from pedigree kinship data were very similar. A SNP similarity of 98.6% was the maximum at which cultivars also differed for morphological characteristics. Many (38%) cultivar pairs with members >90% SNP similarity expressed different morphologies with SNP similarities ranging 96–98.6%. Of cultivars <96% SNP similar, only a single pair differed by a single morphological difference; all others differed by more than two morphological characteristics. A SNP similarity of 96% between soybean cultivars represents an initial and conservative point of demarcation between cultivars that have morphological differences and those that do not. Chronological monitoring of pedigree–kinship and SNP similarities showed little evidence that a lack of genetic diversity in F2 breeding populations contributed to challenges in DUS among U.S. soybean cultivars.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single nucleotide polymorphisms facilitate distinctness‐uniformity‐stability testing of soybean cultivars for plant variety protection

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For a cultivar to be released, it must be registered, and to ensure the intellectual property rights to the breeder, this cultivar needs to be protected. Registration of cultivars facilitates production, processing, and marketing of seeds and seedlings (Santos et al 2012). In addition, protection of plant variety enables public and private research companies to be benefited from the royalties received from the rights on the cultivars they develop (Carvalho et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular markers useful to discriminate Coffea arabica cultivars with high genetic similarity

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New cultivars are released every year to meet market demands. However, in species with a narrow genetic base, such as Coffea arabica, the cultivars are closely related and phenotypically similar. This hinders the accurate discrimination of genotypes using morphological descriptors in distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) testing, which is required for the registration and protection of new cultivars. In this sense, molecular markers are an auxiliary tool for accurate and precise discrimination of cultivars. This study aimed to verify the informative capacity and effectiveness of a molecular marker set to discriminate among C. arabica varieties, create a database of DNA profiles and allele frequencies, analyze the genetic diversity in this collection, and explore genetic kinships. Thirty-four C. arabica cultivars/progenies, which belong to the Brazilian Cultivar Trial, were analyzed using 31 microsatellite markers. Markers with weak bands were removed, and of the remaining, 74.07% were polymorphic and revealed 47 alleles. The obtained molecular profiles revealed segregation between and within cultivars/ progenies, and genetic variability was observed between all the cultivars/progenies. Sixteen markers were selected for dendrogram construction and for fingerprinting analysis of the cultivars. The ability of these markers to detect varietal mixture and analyze diversity between and within cultivars was also discussed in detail. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of markers in distinguishing related genotypes from those with similar phenotypic traits. This biotechnological tool will assist breeders in DUS testing of cultivars.

show abstract

“…A royalty,usually 15%, is to be paid to the breeder in order to stimulate investment and production of new cultivars. This is a development documented by Santos et al (2012), but contrasted by others (Fowler 1980, Kloppenburg 1988. A small royalty is to be paid also for farm-saved seeds and this has been, and continues to be a contentious topic (Andersen 2005), in part because marketing cultivars not listed on a variety list is prohibited (Borowiak 2004).…”

Section: Agent and Structure Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Commercial cultivars and farmers’ access to crop diversity: A case study from the Nordic region

Solberg¹,

Breian²

2015

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agricultural diversification is one way of meeting the future challenges associated with climate change and population growth, making farmers' access to a diversity of high-yielding, good quality cultivars critical. In this paper we provide an overview of the seed system in the Nordic region from the 1950 to the present. The emphasis is on breeding businesses and their production of cultivars. Key primary sources have been the national variety lists, other written sources on plant breeding, and a survey. We document how enterprises have merged and how this consolidation process has affected the production of new cultivars and led to an emphasis on major crops, resulting in the abandonment of breeding activities for several other crops. The results are discussed in relation to structures and in the broader context of agrobiodiversity issues in peripheral regions of the world.

show abstract

Evolution, importance and evaluation of cultivar protection in Brazil: the work of the SNPC

Abstract: Evolution, importance and evaluation of cultivar protection in Brazil: the work of the SNPC

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Single nucleotide polymorphisms facilitate distinctness‐uniformity‐stability testing of soybean cultivars for plant variety protection

Single nucleotide polymorphisms facilitate distinctness‐uniformity‐stability testing of soybean cultivars for plant variety protection

Molecular markers useful to discriminate Coffea arabica cultivars with high genetic similarity

Commercial cultivars and farmers’ access to crop diversity: A case study from the Nordic region

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About