Evolution, Development and Ecology of Anemonefishes

Laudet, Vincent; Ravasi, Timothy

doi:10.1201/9781003125365

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 827 publications

(1,229 reference statements)

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“…There is a strong link between the presence of anemonefish and nutrient utilization in sea anemone and their Symbiodiniaceae , suggesting that the symbiosis with anemonefish can have several adaptive advantages for both organisms (19, 24). The Symbiodiniaceae abundance in Entacmaea quadricolor that were reared with anemonefish was more than twice that in anemones without (36, 59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The genetic basis for adaptation in giant sea anemones to their symbiosis with anemonefish and Symbiodiniaceae

Barua

Kashimoto

Khalturin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Sea anemones in the order Anthozoa play an integral part in marine ecosystems by providing refuge and habitat for various organisms. Despite this, much of their molecular ecology remains elusive. Sea anemones can nurture numerous symbiotic relationships; the most iconic being the one between giant sea anemones and anemonefish. However, the genes and biological processes associated with this symbiosis in the sea anemones in unknown. Additionally, it is unclear how genes can mediate interactions between sea anemones, anemonefish, and symbionts from the algal family Symbiodiniaceae. Here we compared the gene expression profiles of tentacles from several cnidarians to uncover the genetic basis for adaptations in giant sea anemones to their symbiosis with anemonefish and Symbiodiniaceae. We found that tentacle transcriptomes of cnidarians are highly diverse, with closely related species having more similar expression patterns. However, despite an overall high correlation between gene expression and phylogeny, the giant sea anemones showed distinct expression patterns. The giant sea anemones had gene co-expression clusters enriched for processes involved in nutrient exchange and metabolism. These genes were not only differentially expressed, but also experienced evolutionary shifts in expression in giant sea anemones. Using a phylogenetic multilevel model, we found that Symbiodiniaceae and anemonefish significantly affect gene expression in giant sea anemone tentacles. By characterizing gene expression patterns, we identify genes and biological processes that provide evidence for the cross-talk between Symbiodiniaceae, anemonefish, and giant sea anemones. Our study demonstrates how integrated biological processes can lead to the evolution of a successful multi-organism interaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to Symbiodiniaceae, sea anemones form symbiotic relationships with other larger organisms such as fish or crustaceans (16)(17)(18). The most iconic of these relationships is the mutualistic symbiosis between anemonefish (Amphiprion; Pomacentridae) and giant sea anemone (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic basis for adaptation in giant sea anemones to their symbiosis with anemonefish and Symbiodiniaceae

Barua

Kashimoto

Khalturin

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Numerous studies have described the anemonefish’s social structure as very stable and conserved (reviewed in [11]). However, our observations combined with those from past studies mentioned above suggest plasticity in anemonefish behavior and social organization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this clade of 28 species of Pomacentridae, scientists have developed a preliminary integrated understanding of social organization from ecological to molecular levels (reviewed in Laudet and Ravasi, 2022 [11]). Indeed, these fish, which live in mutualistic symbiosis with giant sea anemones, never abandon their host sea anemone and therefore form elaborate micro-societies that can relatively easy be studied at sea [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megacolonies: an alternative social organization in anemonefishes?

Mercader

Zwahlen

Takamiyagi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Anemonefish are iconic examples of marine fishes living in mutualistic symbiosis with sea anemones. In a given sea anemone, the anemonefishes have a stereotyped social organization with a dominant female, a semi-dominant male, and several juveniles. A strict size-based hierarchy governs the social interactions within these colonies, with each individual differing from the previous or next fish in the order by +/- 20% size. This social organization is conserved across the Indo-Pacific in all 28 species of anemonefish found on any of ten giant sea anemone species. We report the existence of huge "megacolonies" of up to 100 fish living in large carpets of sea anemones. This alternative organization was observed for different fish and anemone species in different coral reef locations (French Polynesia, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam). In these colonies, the strict size-based hierarchy is no longer recognizable, and the level of aggressivity of the different members appears lower than in "normal" colonies. These megacolonies may correspond to a previously overlooked type of social organization that could be linked to host availability and offer a unique opportunity to understand anemonefish's behavioral, social, and hormonal plasticity.

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“…40 Notably, the species A. thiellei (probably resulting from A. sandaracinos and A. ocellaris) 3,147 is still under debate as there is no definitive genomic proof of its hybrid condition. 42 Previous studies were based on limited genetic data and did not include all species, but as progress is made in this field and availability of genomic data increases, new species may be described in the years to come. Indeed, new whole-genomic data for all 28 species has confirmed multiple past hybridization events throughout the evolutionary history of anemonefishes.…”

Section: Elucidating the Genomic Basis Of Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemonefishes: A model system for evolutionary genomics

Herrera

Ravasi²,

Laudet³

2023

F1000Res

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Anemonefishes are an iconic group of coral reef fish particularly known for their mutualistic relationship with sea anemones. This mutualism is especially intriguing as it likely prompted the rapid diversification of anemonefish. Understanding the genomic architecture underlying this process has indeed become one of the holy grails of evolutionary research in these fishes. Recently, anemonefishes have also been used as a model system to study the molecular basis of highly complex traits such as color patterning, social sex change, larval dispersal and life span. Extensive genomic resources including several high-quality reference genomes, a linkage map, and various genetic tools have indeed enabled the identification of genomic features controlling some of these fascinating attributes, but also provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive responses to changing environments. Here, we review the latest findings and new avenues of research that have led to this group of fish being regarded as a model for evolutionary genomics.

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Evolution, Development and Ecology of Anemonefishes

Cited by 11 publications

References 827 publications

The genetic basis for adaptation in giant sea anemones to their symbiosis with anemonefish and Symbiodiniaceae

The genetic basis for adaptation in giant sea anemones to their symbiosis with anemonefish and Symbiodiniaceae

Megacolonies: an alternative social organization in anemonefishes?

Anemonefishes: A model system for evolutionary genomics

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