Évolution de l’exploitation des ressources animales dans la région cantabrique entre 4500 et 2000cal BC : la grotte de Los Gitanos (Cantabrie, Espagne)

Re-evaluating the Neolithic: The Impact and the Consolidation of Farming Practices in the Cantabrian Region (Northern Spain)

“…They are generally found in small quantities, and large numbers have been recorded only at Arenillas (Gutiérrez-Zugasti 2009a) and Los Gitanos (sub-Levels A2, A3 and A4), but it cannot be confirmed that the animals were consumed by humans (Á lvarez-Fernández et al 2014a).…”

“…Crab remains (Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Eriphia spinifrons, Xantho sp.) have been documented in the three Neolithic levels at Los Gitanos (Levels A2, A3 and A4) Á lvarez-Fernández et al 2014a) (Fig. 5).…”

“…More often, however, they were used to make objects of adornment. The two species used in this way in the Neolithic are: Nassarius reticulatus at Mazaculos (Level A2 base, one specimen) (Gutiérrez-Zugasti 2009a) and Los Canes (SU 7, one specimen) (Á lvarez-Fernández 2006); and Trivia sp., which has been documented at Los Canes (SU 7) with three specimens (Á lvarez-Fernández 2006), one specimen at Los Gitanos (subLevel A3) (Á lvarez-Fernández et al 2014a) and one more at Barcenilla (Level 3) (Muñoz et al 2013). The use of these species to make beads has been also documented in earlier (Los Canes, Poza l'Egua, La Garma A and El Truchiro) and later (Arangas B and Pico Ramos 3) chronologies (Á lvarez-Fernández 2015).…”

“…Hunting would be slightly more important than at Los Gitanos, although red deer is less important. This prey constitutes 60.9% of the wild species, the rest being wild boar (24.4%); roe deer (11.8%); ibex (2.5%); and chamois (0.4%) (Á lvarez-Fernández et al 2014a). …”

Balanomorphs from late Upper Pleistocene and Holocene caves in northern Spain, with a new genus and species, and their palaeoclimatological implications

“…Sessile barnacles are cited in some Upper Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological sites (Aranzadi and Barandiarán, 1935;Gutiérrez, 2009;Álvarez-Fernández, 2011), but with few exceptions (determination of Y. Gruet in Álvarez-Fernández et al, 2014), no classifications to specific level are established.…”