Evolution and present situation of the South American camelidae

Wheeler, Jane C.

doi:10.1016/0024-4066(95)90021-7

Cited by 181 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…Some extinct species of the genus Hemiauchenia migrated to South America, via the Isthmus of Panama, where they had diversified (Wheeler 1995). In the course of their dispersion into South America, camelids probably carried parasites similar to those found in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Parasitic diversity found in coprolites of camelids during the Holocene

2015

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Knowledge of parasitic infections to which fauna was exposed in the past provides information on the geographical origin of some parasites, on the possible dispersal routes and for archaeological fauna on the potential zoonotic risk that human and animal populations could be exposed. The aim of the present study was to examine the gastrointestinal parasite present in camelid coprolites collected from the archaeological site Cerro Casa de Piedra, cave 7 (CCP7), Patagonia, Argentina. Coprolites were collected from different stratified sequences dating from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition to the late Holocene. Paleoparasitological examination revealed the presence of eggs of Trichostrongylidae attributed to Lamanema chavezi or Nematodirus lamae, eggs of three unidentified capillariids, Strongylus-type eggs and oocysts of Eimeria macusaniensis. These parasites affected camelids living in the studied area since the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, about 10,000 years ago. Gastrointestinal parasite fauna of patagonian camelids did not vary significatively from Pleistocene-Holocene transition to late Holocene, although environmental conditions fluctuated greatly throughout this period, as indicative of the strength and the stability of these associations over time. In this study, the zoonotic and biogeography importance of parasites of camelids are also discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Parasitic diversity found in coprolites of camelids during the Holocene

2015

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“…The family of South American camelids with four members is recognized as two wild species, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the vicuna (Vicugna vicugna) and two of domestic species, the alpaca (Lama pacos) and the llama [5]. Because all potential ancestral forms are extant, South American camelids domestication represents an unusual and useful opportunity to gain insight into the origin and biodiversity of domesticated animals, an issue which is of increasing interest due to the recognized potential economic benefits of indigenous genetic resources and the threats that face marginal and extensive agricultural today (Hall & Bradley, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that hybridization has occurred in the ancestry of both domesticated camelids, obscuring the origin of the domestic species (Helen et al, 1994). The evolutionary origins of South America's domestic alpaca and llama remain controversial [5] (Miranda Kadwell et al, 2001) due to hybridization, near extirpation during the Spanish conquest and difficulties in archaeological interpretation. At present, although alpaca and llama rearing is a central element of the economy in the high Ands, it is often not profitable due to the poor quality of the animals and their fibre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, although alpaca and llama rearing is a central element of the economy in the high Ands, it is often not profitable due to the poor quality of the animals and their fibre. The reconstruction of fine-fibre breeds and the breeding strategies needed are therefore uniquely dependent upon the contributions of archacozoology and genetic analysis [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ribosomal proteins expression and phylogeny in alpaca (<i>Lama pacos</i>) skin

Bai¹,

Ruiwen²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

ABB

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Ribosomal proteins (RP) has been reported as a central player in the translation system, and are required for the growth and maintenance of all cell kinds. RP genes form a family of homologous proteins that express in the stable pattern and were used for phylogenetic analysis. Here we constructed a cDNA library of alpaca skin and 13,800 clones were sequenced. In the cDNA library, RP genes from skin cDNA library of alpaca were identified. Then 8 RP genes were selected at random and built the phylogenetic trees from the DNA sequences by using parsimony or maximum likelihood methods for molecular and evolutionary analysis of ribosomal proteins. The results showed that the 42 RP genes of alpaca have been expressed in alpaca skin. They were highly conserved. The phylogeny inferred from all these methods suggested that the evolutionary distances of alpaca RP genes were closer to rat.

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“…At least five archaeological sites from Southern Patagonia show an association between L. guanicoe and L. gracilis (extinct species) (Cajal et al, 2010). The guanaco population extends from Peru at 8 ºS to the Isla Navarino (archipelago of Tierra del Fuego, Chile) at 55 ºS (Wheeler, 1995). Nowadays, guanacos occupy a 40 % of the original area that they inhabited at pre-Hispanic times (Franklin et al, 1997), with about 840,000 individuals in all (González et al, 2006), from which 400,000 inhabit in Patagonia (Amaya et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: Molineidae) in Lama guanicoe from Patagonia, Argentina

Petrigh

Fugassa

2014

Helminthologia

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79 SummaryThe guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is the major inhabitant and the largest wild artiodactyl in Patagonia. The introduction of invasive species into its ecological niche poses ecological risks, since invasive species may introduce harmful parasites to this native species. In this work, filariform larvae of the Nematodirus genus were found in feces of guanacos from the Perito Moreno National Park in Argentina. All species were characterized according to morphological features and molecular analyses using ribosomal DNA (rDNA). For the molecular analysis, rDNA fragments were amplified by PCR and then sequenced. The results of the BLASTN comparison threw a 99 % of identity with Nematodirus spathiger and 97 % with N. helvetianus, suggesting that N. spathiger is the infecting parasite. Nematodirus spathiger together with N. filicollis and N. battus causes diarrhea and deaths in sheep and, in some cases, in South American camelids. The availability of more accurate diagnostic methods such as PCR could improve the control measures for gastrointestinal helminthiasis.

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Evolution and present situation of the South American camelidae

Cited by 181 publications

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Parasitic diversity found in coprolites of camelids during the Holocene

Parasitic diversity found in coprolites of camelids during the Holocene

Ribosomal proteins expression and phylogeny in alpaca (<i>Lama pacos</i>) skin

Molecular identification of Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: Molineidae) in Lama guanicoe from Patagonia, Argentina

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Evolution and present situation of the South American camelidae

Cited by 181 publications

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Parasitic diversity found in coprolites of camelids during the Holocene

Parasitic diversity found in coprolites of camelids during the Holocene

Ribosomal proteins expression and phylogeny in alpaca (&lt;i&gt;Lama pacos&lt;/i&gt;) skin

Molecular identification of Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: Molineidae) in Lama guanicoe from Patagonia, Argentina

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Ribosomal proteins expression and phylogeny in alpaca (<i>Lama pacos</i>) skin