Evolution and Impact of Oxygen Inclusions in 316L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Deng, Pu; Karadge, M.; Rebak, Raúl B.; Gupta, Vipul; Prorok, Barton C.; Lou, Xiaoyuan

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59864-8_13

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The reason for such scattered values is due to the fact that the different processing parameters of the L-PBF alloy gives rise to the variation in microstructure, together with microstructural defects, which affects the hardness values. Having said that, increasing the energy density to attain higher hardness is not the option, as increased energy den sity results in excessive oxidation and formation of oxide particles, which act as crack in itiation sites during tensile loading of the components [59,60]. Finer grain structure in the SLM specimens showed positive improvement in micro-hardness values compared to the wrought sample, due to the Hall-Petch relation, as reported in literature [61,62].…”

Section: Nano-indentationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Microstructural and Nanoindentation Investigation on the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Stainless Steel 316L

Kurdi,

Tabbakh,

Basak

2023

Materials

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Additive manufacturing (AM) of stainless steel is more difficult than other metallic materials, as the major alloying elements of the stainless steel are prone to oxidation during the fabrication process. In the current work, specimens of the stainless steel 316L were made by the powder laser bed fusion (P-LBF) additive manufacturing process. These specimens were investigated by electron microscopy and micro-/nano-indentation techniques to investigate the microstructural aspects and the mechanical properties, respectively. Compositionally, a similar wrought stainless steel was subjected to identical investigation, and used as a benchmark material. The microstructure of the P-LBF-processed alloy shows both equiaxed and elongated grains, which are marginally smaller (3.2–3.4 μm) than that of the wrought counterpart (3.6 μm). Withstanding such marginal gain size refinement, the increase in shear stress and hardness of the L-PBF alloy was striking. The L-PBF-processed alloy possess about 1.92–2.12 GPa of hardness, which was about 1.5 times higher than that of wrought alloy (1.30 GPa), and about 1.15 times more resistant against plastic flow of material. Similarly, L-PBF-processed alloy possess higher maximum shear stress (274.5–294.4 MPa) than that of the wrought alloy (175.9 MPa).

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