Evolution and functional diversification of FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 family genes in plants

Jin, Suhyun; Nasim, Zeeshan; Susila, Hendry; Ahn, Ji Hoon

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.007

Cited by 95 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…TFL1 is a key regulatory factor of oral transition and in orescence meristem development in A. thaliana. TFL1 and FT have highly conserved amino acid sequences but opposite gene functions: FT promotes owering, whereas TFL1 inhibits owering [58]. Previous studies showed that TFL1 negatively regulated transcription of the target gene FD, thereby regulating the owering time and in orescence meristem development [59].…”

Section: Flowering Pathways During Oral Transition In L Gratissimamentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Physiological, and Molecular Responses of Sweetly Fragrant Luculia Gratissima During the Floral Transition Stage Induced by Short-day Photoperiod

Liu

Wan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Photoperiod-regulated floral transition is vital to the flowering plant. Luculia gratissima ‘Xiangfei’ is a flowering ornamental plant with high development potential and is a short-day woody perennial. However, the genetic regulation of short-day-induced floral transition in L. gratissima is unclear. To systematically research the responses of L. gratissima during this process, dynamic changes in morphology, physiology, and transcript levels were observed and identified in different developmental stages of long-day and short-day-treated shoot apexes. Results: The results showed that floral transition in L. gratissima occurred 10 d after short-day induction, but flower bud differentiation did not occur under long-day conditions. A total of 1,226 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 146 genes were associated with flowering pathways of sugar, phytohormones, photoperiod, ambient temperature, and aging signals, as well as floral integrator and meristem identity genes. The trehalose-6-phosphate signal positively modulated floral transition by interacting with SPL4 in the aging pathway. Endogenous gibberellin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid promoted floral transition, whereas strigolactone inhibited it. In the photoperiod pathway, FD, COL12, and NF-Ys positively controlled floral transition, whereas PRR7, FKF1, and LUX negatively regulated it. SPL4 and pEARLI1 positively affected floral transition. SOC1 and AGL24 integrated multiple flowering signals to modulate the expression of FUL/AGL8, AP1, LFY, SEPs, SVP, and TFL1, thereby regulating floral transition. Finally, we propose a regulatory network model for short-day-induced floral transition in L. gratissima. Conclusions: Short-day photoperiod activated systemic responses of morphology, physiology, and transcript levels in L. gratissima and induced the generation of floral transition signals in the photoperiod pathway. Furthermore, multiple flowering signal pathways including phytohormone-, sugar-, temperature-, age-related genes synergistically control this process. This study improves our understanding of flowering time regulation in L. gratissima and provides knowledge for its production and commercialization.

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Section: Flowering Pathways During Oral Transition In L Gratissimamentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Physiological, and Molecular Responses of Sweetly Fragrant Luculia Gratissima During the Floral Transition Stage Induced by Short-day Photoperiod

Liu

Wan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…PEBPs form an ancient gene family central to many plant developmental processes, including oral transition, plant architecture, and seed germination [30,32,60]. In Arabidopsis, the PEBP family constitutes six genes grouped into three distinct clades, FT-like (FT and TSF), TFL1-like (TFL1 and CEN), and MFT-like genes [31].…”

Section: Evolution Trajectory Of Pebp Family Genes In Rosaceae Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal PEBP proteins were reported to function as serine proteases or Raf kinase inhibitors, controlling cell growth and differentiation [22][23][24][25]. In plants, PEBP genes are central regulators in determining the owering time, plant architecture and seed germination [26][27][28][29][30]. In angiosperms, members of the PEBP family fall into three clades of genes: FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) and MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT) [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Arabidopsis, FT acts as a oral signal transducer, moving from leaves to the shoot apical meristem to promote owering, while TFL1 maintains in orescence meristem identity in shoot apex by antagonizing FT function [39][40][41]. The balance of FT and TFL1 modulates oral transition and in orescence architecture by affecting determinacy of meristem identity [30,42]. FT and TFL1 share ∼60% of their amino acid sequence identity, but only a few amino acid changes can convert FT from a oral promoter to a TFL1-like oral repressor [37,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide characterization of PEBP family genes in nine Rosaceae tree species and their expression analysis in P. mume

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2020

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BackgroundPhosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) constitute a common gene family found among animals, plants and microbes. Plant PEBP proteins play an important role in regulating flowering time, plant architecture as well as seed dormancy. Though PEBP family genes have been well studied in Arabidopsis and other model species, less is known about these genes in perennial trees. ResultsTo understand the evolution of PEBP genes and their functional role in flowering control, we identified 56 PEBP members belonging to three gene clades (MFT-like, FT-like, and TFL1-like) and five lineages (FT, BFT, CEN, TFL1, and MFT) across nine Rosaceae perennial species. Structural analysis revealed highly conserved gene structure and protein motifs among Rosaceae PEBP proteins. Codon usage analysis showed slightly biased codon usage across five gene lineages. With selection pressure analysis, we detected strong purifying selection constraining divergence within most lineages, while positive selection driving the divergence of FT-like and TFL1-like genes from the MFT-like gene clade. Spatial and temporal expression analyses revealed the essential role of FT in regulating floral bud breaking and blooming in P. mume. By employing a weighted gene co-expression network approach, we inferred a putative FT regulatory module required for dormancy release and blooming in P. mume. ConclusionsWe have characterized the PEBP family genes in nine Rosaceae species and examined their phylogeny, genomic syntenic relationship, duplication pattern, and expression profiles during flowering process. These results revealed the evolutionary history of PEBP genes and their functions in regulating floral bud development and blooming among Rosaceae tree species.

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“…The production of reproductive meristems and ower organs is regulated through the integration of environmental and endogenous stimuli (Ahn et al 2006) involving the activation of different genes and a complex and hierarchical signaling network. The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) gene family is known to regulate important aspects of growth and owering in plants (Pin and Nilsson 2012;Jin et al 2020). FT proteins are key regulators activated by the transcription factor CONSTANS (CO) and are involved with the control of multiple owering pathways in angiosperms (Kobayashi et al 1999;Kim et al 2008;Ogiso-Tanaka et al 2013;Fan et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Changes and Adaptative Evolutionary Constraints In FLOWERING LOCUS T and TERMINAL FLOWER1-Like Genes of Flowering Plants

Jesus¹,

Batista²,

Salzman³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Regulation of flowering is a crucial event in the evolutionary history of angiosperms. The production of flowers is regulated through the integration of different environmental and endogenous stimuli, many of which involve the activation of different genes in a hierarchical and complex signaling network. The FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (FT/TFL1) gene family is known to regulate important aspects of flowering in plants. To better understand the pivotal events that changed FT and TFL1 functions during the evolution of angiosperms, we reconstructed the ancestral sequences of FT/TFL1-like genes and predicted protein structures to identify determinant sites that evolved in both proteins and allowed the adaptative diversification in the flowering phenology and developmental processes. Residues from the P-loop domain of the analyzed FT structures showed predominantly high destabilizing mutations which is consistent with constant selective pressure found for this region. In addition, we demonstrate that the occurrence of destabilizing mutations in residues located at the phosphatidylcholine binding sites of FT structure experience positive selection, and some residues of 4th exon are under negative selection, which is compensated by the occurrence of stabilizing mutations in key regions and the P-loop to maintain the overall protein stability. Our results shed light on the evolutionary history of key genes involved in the diversification of angiosperms.

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Evolution and functional diversification of FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 family genes in plants

Cited by 95 publications

References 132 publications

Morphological, Physiological, and Molecular Responses of Sweetly Fragrant Luculia Gratissima During the Floral Transition Stage Induced by Short-day Photoperiod

Morphological, Physiological, and Molecular Responses of Sweetly Fragrant Luculia Gratissima During the Floral Transition Stage Induced by Short-day Photoperiod

Genome-wide characterization of PEBP family genes in nine Rosaceae tree species and their expression analysis in P. mume

Structural Changes and Adaptative Evolutionary Constraints In FLOWERING LOCUS T and TERMINAL FLOWER1-Like Genes of Flowering Plants

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