Evolution and diversity of green plant cell walls

Popper, Zoë A.

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.02.012

Cited by 183 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

172

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our findings so far have revealed phylogenetically correlated trends in the occurrence of some polysaccharides and the unexpected presence of others in certain species. For example, (1/4)-b-Dmannan that is generally not particularly abundant in the cell walls of angiosperms is a major cell wall component in several nonspermatophyte plants and appears to have evolved early in the land plant lineage (Moller et al, 2007;Popper, 2008). One surprising result was the discovery of mixed-linkage (1/3),(1/4)-b-D-glucan (MLG) in the horsetail Equisetum arvense (Fry et al, 2008a;Knox, 2008;.…”

Section: The Importance and Difficulties Of Sampling Cell Wall Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reasonable to suppose that to some extent these adaptive changes are underpinned by increasing diversity and complexity of cell compositions and architectures. It is true that in some cases, the appearance of specific cell wall components can be placed in a clear, if sometimes broad, phylogenic contexts and these have been recently reviewed (Popper, 2008;Sarkar et al, 2009). For example, XyG is thought to be restricted to embryophytes (although this is discussed in more detail later) and rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII) is almost exclusively found in vascular plants (Matsunaga et al, 2004;Popper, 2008).…”

Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is true that in some cases, the appearance of specific cell wall components can be placed in a clear, if sometimes broad, phylogenic contexts and these have been recently reviewed (Popper, 2008;Sarkar et al, 2009). For example, XyG is thought to be restricted to embryophytes (although this is discussed in more detail later) and rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII) is almost exclusively found in vascular plants (Matsunaga et al, 2004;Popper, 2008). RGII levels appear to have generally increased during the evolution of vascular plants, a trend that is probably correlated with upward growth and the ability to form lignified secondary walls (Matsunaga et al, 2004).…”

Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RGII can be cross-linked by boron, and it is significant that grasses, which have a lower requirement for boron than dicots, also have reduced levels of RGII in their walls. Xylans are ubiquitous and often highly abundant in vascular plants, and their evolution may have been an important aspect of the preadaptation that enabled the emergence of vascular and mechanical tissues (Carafa et al, 2005;Popper, 2008). Further layers of complexity are revealed when one considers the variations in fine structure within polysaccharide classes.…”

Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases though, a fainter line can be traced across taxa and the biochemical increments that underpinned the evolution of a particular polymer can be discerned. For example, lignin, which is an important component of the secondary walls of vascular tissues, is not present in the avascular bryophytes, but these are known to produce phenylpropanoid compounds related to lignin precursors (Popper, 2008). Moreover, the recent discovery of secondary walls and lignin in the red seaweed Calliarthron cheilosporioides also provides an example of the convergent or deeply conserved evolutionary history of a cell wall component (Martone et al, 2009).…”

Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: The Importance and Difficulties Of Sampling Cell Wall Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Algal Cell Walls

Domozych¹

2011

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Algal cell walls are composed of a diverse array of fibrillar, matrix and crystalline polymers interacting with various ions and water. The diverse array of cell walls exhibited in the various algal groups is a manifestation of ancient evolutionary origins and ecological pressures of modern earth habitats. Cell walls often represent the dominant component of the extracellular matrix and represent the largest or a significant percentage of the photosynthetically fixed carbon of the algae. Walls are typically fibrous composites of microfibrillar polysaccharides embedded in matrix polysaccharides and proteoglycans. Scales and extracellular polymeric substances may also constitute the algal extracellular matrix. The production of the cell walls requires the highly coordinated interaction of several subcellular systems and is controlled by complex gene expression programmes. Modern technologies employed from immunology, molecular genetics, biochemistry and microscopy‐based imaging are transforming our understanding of the cell structure, functions and development. Key Concepts: Algae represent a diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotes with a wide range of cell wall types. New technologies derived from immunology, microscopy‐based imaging, molecular genetics and biochemistry are greatly enhancing our understanding of algal cell walls. Primitive green algae of the Prasinophyceae produce layers of multishaped scales. The Charophycean green algae produce cell walls containing polymers similar to land plants. The red algae possess complex composite cell walls made of cellulose, xylan or mannan fibrils and extensive matrix polysaccharides including the economically important carrageenan and agar. Diatoms produce highly sculpted frustules made of silica‐based composites and often produce extensive stalks and other extracellular polymeric substances. Brown algae produce cell walls containing cellulose, matrix polysaccharides and in some cases, phenolics.

show abstract

Algal Cell Walls

Domozych

2019

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Algae represent a diverse group of mostly photosynthetic eukaryotes that are profoundly important to Earth's ecosystems and human economy. These organisms possess a variety of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that are critical for multiple life functions. The most well‐studied ECMs are cell walls that are common to the green algae, red algae and brown algae. The typical cell wall consists of crystalline fibrillar polysaccharides (e.g. cellulose) that interact with a surrounding matrix of polysaccharides and proteoglycans. The matrix polysaccharides may be sulfated or acidic and some can complex various cations to form hard surfaces. Other distinct cell wall‐like coverings are found in algae including glycoprotein walls of volvocalean flagellates and silica‐complexed frustules of diatoms. Other noncell wall ECM types of algae include the amphiesma or dinoflagellates and the coccosphere of haptophytes. Key Concepts Algae possess a variety of extracellular matrices including cell walls. Most green, red and brown algae have cell walls consisting of a composite of a fibrillar polysaccharide framework associated with a polysaccharide/protein matrix. Unique cell walls are found in some algal groups including crystalline glycoprotein cell walls of volvocalean green algae and silica‐complexed cells walls of diatoms. Many algae do not have cell walls but have coverings made of complex scales and plates. The cell wall is synthesised and deposited externally through the coordinated action of the endomembrane and cytoskeletal systems.

show abstract

Evolution and diversity of green plant cell walls

Cited by 183 publications

References 46 publications

How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?

How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?

Algal Cell Walls

Algal Cell Walls

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About