Evolution and Comparative Morphology of the Lymphatic System

Kampmeier, Otto F.

doi:10.1097/00007611-197105000-00041

Cited by 79 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…Anatomists have identified a surprising level of morphological divergence in different vertebrate lymphatic vascular systems (see Box 2) and have suggested that intrinsic differences between the fluid homeostasis needs of terrestrial compared with aquatic vertebrates are likely to be responsible for such divergence (Kampmeier, 1969). Indeed, zebrafish probably lack both lymph nodes and lymphatic valves, two defining features of the mature mammalian lymphatic vasculature (Kampmeier, 1969;Steffensen and Lomholt, 1992;Dahl Ejby Jensen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Evolutionary Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, zebrafish probably lack both lymph nodes and lymphatic valves, two defining features of the mature mammalian lymphatic vasculature (Kampmeier, 1969;Steffensen and Lomholt, 1992;Dahl Ejby Jensen et al, 2009). Frogs and reptiles have additional structures, the contracting lymph hearts, important for lymph propulsion, highlighting the anatomical divergence of lymphatic systems throughout evolution.…”

Section: Evolutionary Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evolutionary divergence in lymphatic vascular systems Lymphatic systems are found exclusively in vertebrates, yet different organisms have adopted a surprising level of morphological divergence during evolution to provide adequate functions within different environments (reviewed by Kampmeier, 1969;Isogai et al, 2009). As early as the 18th century, advances in understanding the mammalian lymphatic vasculature were made by Olaus Rudbeck and Thomas Bartholin (reviewed by Lord, 1968).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Getting out and about: the emergence and morphogenesis of the vertebrate lymphatic vasculature

et al. 2013

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SummaryThe lymphatic vascular system develops from the pre-existing blood vasculature of the vertebrate embryo. New insights into lymphatic vascular development have recently been achieved with the use of alternative model systems, new molecular tools, novel imaging technologies and growing interest in the role of lymphatic vessels in human disorders. The signals and cellular mechanisms that facilitate the emergence of lymphatic endothelial cells from veins, guide migration through the embryonic environment, mediate interactions with neighbouring tissues and control vessel maturation are beginning to emerge. Here, we review the most recent advances in lymphatic vascular development, with a major focus on mouse and zebrafish model systems.

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Section: Evolutionary Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolutionary Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Getting out and about: the emergence and morphogenesis of the vertebrate lymphatic vasculature

et al. 2013

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“…Neural crest, a group of migratory cells arising from the ectoderm of the neural tube and possessing high regulatory potential, is a landmark innovation of the vertebrates (17). The origin of the hemopoietic tissue can be traced back to protochordates (18). The forces driving the evolution of the pharyngeal pouches were at first the shift from arm to filter feeding, then a switch to oral feeding, and finally, the assumption of a respiratory function by the pharyngeal region (16).…”

Section: The Thymusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The descent of the antibody-based immune system by gradual evolution

Klein

Nikolaidis

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The antibody-based immune system (AIS) is one of many means by which organisms protect themselves against pathogens and parasites. The AIS is present in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) but absent in all other taxa, including jawless vertebrates (agnathans). We argue that the AIS has been assembled from elements that have primarily evolved to serve other functions and incorporated existing molecular cascades, resulting in the appearance of new organs and new types of cells. Some molecules serving other functions have been appropriated by the AIS, whereas others have been modified to serve new functions, either after the duplication of their encoding genes or through the acquisition of an additional function without gene duplication. A few molecules may have been created de novo. The deployment and integration of the ready-made elements gives the impression of a sudden origin of the AIS. In reality, however, the AIS is an example of an organ system that has evolved gradually through a series of small steps over an extended period.gnathostomes ͉ agnathans ͉ immunoglobulin ͉ lymphocyte ͉ thymus

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“…This possibility has not received a lot of attention because of the pervasive belief among biologists that the avian lymphatic system is primitive in nature because of a lack of macroscopically visible lymph nodes. However, chickens possess a well-developed network of blind-ended permeable microvessels that allow for drainage of extracellular fluid directly into the blood via the jugular lymphatic sac (Kampmeier, 1969). This could potentially provide a direct avenue for yolk lipoproteins to re-enter the circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilization of ectopic yolk in Gallus domesticus: a novel reverse lipid transport process

Cornax

Walzem

Larner

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIn many oviparous animals, bursting type atresia of ovarian follicles occurs during the reproductive cycle, resulting in the escape of yolk into the extracellular compartment. In birds, this ectopic yolk is rapidly cleared by an unknown process that involves the appearance of yolk-engorged macrophage-like cells. To study this unique type of lipid transport, we injected young male chickens intra-abdominally with egg yolk. Absorption of egg yolk from the body cavity markedly increased the triacylglyceride-rich fraction (TRL) of plasma lipoproteins and was coincident with increased levels of plasma triacylglycerides (TAGs) but not non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Thus, the transport of yolk lipids from the abdominal cavity appears to occur in lipoproteins and be more similar to the transport of hepatic TAGs to the periphery via lipoproteins than to transport of adipose TAGs to the periphery via NEFAs released by the action of lipases. When macrophages were exposed to yolk in vitro, they quickly phagocytized yolk; however, it is unclear whether this level of phagocytosis contributes significantly to total yolk clearance. Instead, the chicken macrophage may function more as a facilitator of yolk clearance through the modification of yolk lipoproteins and the regulation of the local and systemic immune response to ectopic yolk. Yolk appears to be anti-inflammatory in nature. Yolk did not increase levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and IFNγ either in vivo or in vitro; in fact, yolk dampened many inflammatory changes caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conversely, LPS-induced inflammation retarded yolk clearance from the abdominal cavity and plasma TAG levels.

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Evolution and Comparative Morphology of the Lymphatic System

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Getting out and about: the emergence and morphogenesis of the vertebrate lymphatic vasculature

Getting out and about: the emergence and morphogenesis of the vertebrate lymphatic vasculature

The descent of the antibody-based immune system by gradual evolution

Mobilization of ectopic yolk in Gallus domesticus: a novel reverse lipid transport process

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