Evolution and Classification of Energy and Thermal Management Systems in Electrified Powertrains

Wei, Caiyang; Hofman, Théo; Caarls, Esin Ilhan; Iperen, Rokus van

doi:10.1109/vppc46532.2019.8952261

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This higher efficiency potential means a lower power dissipation. Compared with the original CVT power losses P c,loss in (16), this lower power dissipation can be modeled by a multiplier µ c , which is a function of the EM scaling factor, giving P s c,loss (k) = µ c (s τ ) P c,loss (k).…”

Section: Convex Cvt Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles

2021

Self Cite

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For an electric vehicle (EV) with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), a novel convex programming (CP)-based co-design method is proposed to minimize the total-cost-of-ownership (TCO). The integration of the electric machine (EM) and the CVT is the primary focus. The optimized system with co-design reduces the TCO by around 5.9% compared to a non-optimized CVT-based EV (based on off-the-shelf components) and by around 2% compared to the EV equipped with a single-speed transmission (SST). By taking advantage of the control and design freedom provided by the CVT, the optimal CVT, EM and battery sizes are found to reduce the system cost. It simultaneously finds the optimal CVT speed ratio and air-flow rate of the cooling system reducing the energy consumption. The strength of co-design is highlighted by comparing to a sequential design, and insights into the design of a low-power EV that is energy-efficient and cost-effective for urban driving are provided. A highly integrated EM-CVT system, which is efficient, low-cost and lightweight, can be expected for future EV applications.

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Section: Convex Cvt Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also computationally efficient. Due to the low computation time, CP enables optimization of problems with many dynamic states, such as thermal states, which may not be tractable by using DP for example [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles

2021

Self Cite

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“…On the other hand, model-based or optimization-based algorithms define a single or multi-variate objective function or a model that is minimized or maximized as desired. Model-based optimization algorithms outperform traditional rule-based ones in terms of energy consumption reduction [77]. Computational intelligence paradigms, such as dynamic programming, neural networks, artificial immune systems, evolutionary computing, and swarm intelligence, are some model-based optimization algorithms that can be applied to design efficient real-time I-EMS for EV charging.…”

Section: Intelligent Energy Management Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Intelligent Charging Infrastructure for Electrification of Transportation

2021

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For sustainable electrification of surface transportation, a viable charging infrastructure is necessary. Firstly, this paper focuses on emphasizing the viability of a free fuel-based photovoltaics and/or wind turbines and lithium-ion battery-based power network to enable sustainable electric power. The importance of power electronics for a DC-based power network and extremely fast charger based on DC power is presented. Finally, the core design concepts of intelligent charging infrastructure using an intelligent energy management system are discussed. The paper aims to cover all aspects associated with a clean, reliable, efficient, and cost-effective solution to the novel charging infrastructure.

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“…Based on Equation ( 8), the acceleration transition probability matrix is identical to the speed transition probability matrix. Now we need the speed transition probability matrix FIGURE 6 The optimal road grade profile FIGURE 7 The different altitude profiles p i j (k) and speed probabilities P v i (k) for the DP. The value of p i j (k) can be calculated by Equation ( 4).…”

Section: Figure 5 Transition Probability Of Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing transportation energy consumption is critical for saving fossil resources and mitigating air pollution [3]. The approaches to fuel consumption reduction may be divided into two categories: the first involves changes to the mechanical design of the vehicle, such as weight reduction [4], more efficient auxiliaries [5][6][7][8][9][10], and alternative powertrains. Vehicles with alternative powertrains include hybrid electric vehicles [11][12][13][14][15][16][17], full electric vehicles [18][19][20] and fuel-cell vehicles [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal road grade design based on stochastic speed trajectories for minimising transportation energy consumption

Liu

Feng

2021

IET Intelligent Trans Sys

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Reducing energy consumption, regardless of fuel or electricity, of ground vehicles is a paramount pursuit in academia and industry. Current research concentrates exclusively on the improvement of the vehicle, but accepts the road conditions as external influences. The innovation of this article is to consider the road conditions, particularly the grade angle, as design variables. It is assumed that the stochastic speed trajectories of all vehicles on the road can be modelled by a Markov chain. The expected value of the average energy consumptions of all vehicles running on the road is defined as the objective function. The optimisation problem is solved by dynamic programming with Markov model. Evaluations have been made on both simulated and measured speed trajectories. For the simulated speed trajectories, the optimal road grade profile designed by the method saves up to 22% energy compared with a flat road. For the measured speed trajectories, the optimal road grade profile saves up to 2.7% transportation energy compared with the actual road profile. Application of this method on building road could lead to considerable energy saving.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Evolution and Classification of Energy and Thermal Management Systems in Electrified Powertrains

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles

Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles

Sustainable Intelligent Charging Infrastructure for Electrification of Transportation

Optimal road grade design based on stochastic speed trajectories for minimising transportation energy consumption

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