Evolution and challenges of telemedicine in children's health: An integrative review

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes telemedicine as a technological strategy to reach patients, as it is an effective tool, especially in countries with deficient infrastructure and insufficient number of health professionals. Thus, this study aims to analyze the acceptance of telemedicine in children's health. Methods: This is an integrative review, through the PICO strategy, covering studies published in the period of 2014 and 2023, which were included in the SciELO and LILACS databases. Results: There are 12 articles that meet the proposed objective of this study. In these reviews, there is a predominance of qualitative methods, which indicates an exploratory approach to the understanding of child telemedicine. The research addresses topics such as the use of telemedicine in the teaching of child health, as well as evaluations of pediatric cardiology, among other experiences in various specialties, evidencing the adaptability of this practice. Discussion: The discussion covers thematic categories, including the perception of professionals and patients about telemedicine, ethical and legal implications, and the comparison of experiences in different pediatric specialties. The acceptance of teleconsultation by health professionals is analyzed, as well as the associated ethical and legal issues, emphasizing the importance of following existing regulations. Conclusion: Telemedicine emerges as an important strategy in pediatric care, offering effective care, especially in contexts with limitations and other challenges. This integrative review highlights the need for clear regulations, the training of health professionals and the multidisciplinary approach as key elements for the effective and safe advancement of telemedicine in children's health, ensuring effective and bioethical care for this age group.