Evolution and biogeography of Paleogene microperforate planktonic foraminifera

Li, Qianyu; Radford, Sally

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90077-5

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…4). Similar peaks in abundance of Chiloguembelina and Jenkinsina have been observed in the Tethys Ocean (Alano section; Luciani et al 2010) and at other high-latitude sites (Li and Radford 1991) and associated with upwelling or low-oxygen conditions. There is no evidence for either at our study site (Arimoto et al 2020; Kearns et al 2021), but these peaks in abundance support arguments that these taxa thrive during transient climatic events.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Although rarity in itself is potentially an important measure (e.g., acting as canaries for early warning signals; Doncaster et al 2016), being rare is common, with the majority of taxa represented by only a few individuals (Gaston 2008). Microperforate biserial and triserial taxa such as Chiloguembelina and Jenkinsina are rare in many records, as they occur in highest abundance in the infrequently studied >63 μm size fraction despite being omnipresent throughout the Cenozoic (Li and Radford 1991), with approximately 20 species occurring in the Eocene alone (Huber et al 2006). In addition, these taxa have sporadic geographic and biostratigraphic records (Kroon and Nederbragt 1990;Darling et al 2009), often increasing to noticeable abundances during periods of environmental stress such as ocean acidification events (Nederbragt et al 1998;Coccioni et al 2006), periods of background climatic instability (Kroon and Nederbragt 1990;Li and Radford 1991;Luciani et al 2007Luciani et al , 2010D'Haenens et al 2012), and the aftermath of mass extinction events (Keller 1993;Luciani 1997Luciani , 2002Keller et al 2002).…”

Section: Divergent Response Of Size Fraction To the Middle Eocenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microperforate biserial and triserial taxa such as Chiloguembelina and Jenkinsina are rare in many records, as they occur in highest abundance in the infrequently studied >63 μm size fraction despite being omnipresent throughout the Cenozoic (Li and Radford 1991), with approximately 20 species occurring in the Eocene alone (Huber et al 2006). In addition, these taxa have sporadic geographic and biostratigraphic records (Kroon and Nederbragt 1990;Darling et al 2009), often increasing to noticeable abundances during periods of environmental stress such as ocean acidification events (Nederbragt et al 1998;Coccioni et al 2006), periods of background climatic instability (Kroon and Nederbragt 1990;Li and Radford 1991;Luciani et al 2007Luciani et al , 2010D'Haenens et al 2012), and the aftermath of mass extinction events (Keller 1993;Luciani 1997Luciani , 2002Keller et al 2002). The lack of changes at the >63 μm size fraction for most diversity measures compared with the >180 μm size fraction supports these results that smaller taxa are more resilient to both background (i.e., Eocene cooling) and transient perturbations (MECO) compared with large taxa and thus deserving of further study.…”

Section: Divergent Response Of Size Fraction To the Middle Eocenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change

Kearns¹,

Bohaty²,

Edgar³

et al. 2022

Paleobiology

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Understanding current and future biodiversity responses to changing climate is pivotal as anthropogenic climate change continues. This understanding is complicated by the multitude of available metrics to quantify dynamics and by biased sampling protocols. Here, we investigate the impact of sampling protocol strategies using a data-rich fossil record to calculate effective diversity using Hill numbers for the first time on Paleogene planktonic foraminifera. We sample 22,830 individual tests, in two different size classes, across a 7 Myr time slice of the middle Eocene featuring a major transient warming event, the middle Eocene climatic optimum (MECO; ~40 Ma), at study sites in the midlatitude North Atlantic. Using generalized additive models, we investigate community responses to climatic fluctuations. After correcting for any effects of fossil fragmentation, we show a peak in generic diversity in the early and middle stages of the MECO as well as divergent trajectories between the typical size-selected community (>180 μm) and a broader assemblage, including smaller genera (>63 μm). Assemblages featuring smaller genera are more resilient to the climatic fluctuations of the MECO than those assemblages that feature only larger genera, maintaining their community structure at the reference Hill numbers for Shannon's and Simpson's indices. These results raise fundamental questions about how communities respond to climate excursions. In addition, our results emphasize the need to design studies with the aim of collecting the most inclusive data possible to allow detection of community changes and determine which species are likely to dominate future environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Divergent Response Of Size Fraction To the Middle Eocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Divergent Response Of Size Fraction To the Middle Eocenementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change

Kearns¹,

Bohaty²,

Edgar³

et al. 2022

Paleobiology

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“…All pore diameters were measured from the SEM screen at high magnification (x8,000) and converted to pore areas (PA). Based on the perforation diameters, two major wall types are recognized (after Steinick and Fleisher, 1978;Blow, 1979;Li Qianyu and Radford, 1991): microperforate (<1 pm) and medioperforate (1-4 pm). Macroperforate (>4 pm) walls were not encountered among the species analyzed in this study.…”

Section: Biometricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic morphometrics of some Late Cretaceous trochospiral planktonic foraminifera from the Austral Realm

Huber¹

1994

Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology

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“…Pore variation across species and populations is also associated with evolutionary history. Average pore area is the basis for a fundamental taxonomic division that distinguishes two major groups of planktonic foraminifera: the macroperforate (pores larger than 1 µm in diameter) and microperforate (pores of 1 µm or less) planktonic foraminifera (Bé et al, 1980;Kennett and Srinivasan, 1983;Qianyu and Radford, 1991). Within macroperforate planktonic foraminifera, there is a wide range of pore sizes and distribution patterns, some of which are characteristic of particular lineages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing test porosity in planktonic foraminifera

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The clustering of mitochondria near pores in the test walls of foraminifera suggests that these perforations play a critical role in metabolic gas exchange. As such, pore measurements could provide a novel means of tracking changes in metabolic rate in the fossil record. However, in planktonic foraminifera, variation in average pore area, density, and porosity (the total percentage of a test wall that is open pore space) have been variously attributed to environmental, biological, and taxonomic drivers, complicating such an interpretation. Here we examine the environmental, biological, and evolutionary determinants of pore characteristics in 718 individuals, representing 17 morphospecies of planktonic foraminifera from 6 core tops in the North Atlantic. Using random forest models, we find that porosity is primarily correlated to test surface area, test volume, and habitat temperature, key factors in determining metabolic rates. In order to test if this correlation arose spuriously through the association of cryptic species with distinct biomes, we cultured Globigerinoides ruber in three different temperature conditions, and found that porosity increased with temperature. Crucially, these results show that porosity can be plastic: changing in response to environmental drivers within the lifetime of an individual foraminifer. This demonstrates the potential of porosity as a proxy for foraminiferal metabolic rates, with significance for interpreting geochemical data and the physiology of foraminifera in non-analog environments. It also highlights the importance of phenotypic plasticity (i.e., ecophenotypy) in accounting for some aspects of morphological variation in the modern and fossil record.

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Evolution and biogeography of Paleogene microperforate planktonic foraminifera

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change

Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change

Ontogenetic morphometrics of some Late Cretaceous trochospiral planktonic foraminifera from the Austral Realm

Factors influencing test porosity in planktonic foraminifera

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