Evolution and biogeography of New ZealandAnaphalis(Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) inferred from rDNA sequences

Abstract

A tree based on DNA sequences from the ITS region of rDNA of New Zealand members of the tribe Gnaphalieae is presented. The tree supports recognition of the genus Anaphalioides. The closest relatives of this genus are other New Zealand gnaphalioid genera: Leucogenes, Raoulia, Ewartia, and species currently assigned to Helichrysum. The tree suggests that there were at least four dispersal events to New Zealand of ancestors to the present gnaphalioid flora. The tree provides information on the relationships of other New Zealand genera in the Gnaphalieae: that Ewartiothamnus (Ewartia sinclairii) is not a sister genus to Ewartia, that Leucogenes is not a sister genus to Leontopodium, and that the New Zealand whipcord Helichrysum species do not belong in Ozothamnus.

Systematics of New Zealand Inuleae (Compositae)—4 a taxonomic review

“…The whipcord species are under revision, and it is already clear to us that they are closer to some other New Zealand taxa than they are to Ozothamnus. This is supported by Glenny & Wagstaff (1997). The true affinities of the one other woody species, H. lanceolatum, and those of H. filicaule, remain obscure.…”

“…However, according to our observations and those of Glenny & Wagstaff (1997) it is closer to a cluster of New Zealand taxa.…”

“…The distribution of the New Zealand taxa over four of Anderberg's five subtribes is unacceptable, separating as it does closely related genera such as Leucogenes, Psychrophyton, and Raoulia (Ward 1993b(Ward , 1997Glenny & Wagstaff 1997), and even species properly belonging in the same genus, such as Anaphalioides spp. and Helichrysum bellidioides (Glenny 1997).…”

“…Other contributions to the increased understanding of relationships in the New Zealand Inuleae have recently been provided in morphology and phenetics (Ward 1993a(Ward , 1993b, in leaf anatomy, flavonoid profiles, and pollen (Breitwieser 1993;Breitwieser & Ward 1993;Breitwieser & Sampson 1997a, 1997b, in cytology (Dawson et al 1993), in phytochemistry (Reid & Bohm 1994, 1995, in Leucogenes (Molloy 1995), and in DNA sequences (Glenny & Wagstaff 1997).…”

A revision of the genusAnaphalioides(Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)

“…Both studies supported recognition of Anaphalioides as a monophyletic group but offered conflicting evidence over the inclusion of Helichrysum filicaule in the group. Glenny & Wagstaff (1997) used ITS rDNA sequences to show that the study group is monophyletic and is most closely related to certain other New Zealand Gnaphalieae (the group that includes Raoulia s.l., Leucogenes Beauverd, Ewartia sinclairii (Hook.f.) Cheeseman, and species assigned to Helichrysum by Allan (1961)).…”