Evolution and association analysis of GmCYP78A10 gene with seed size/weight and pod number in soybean

Abstract

Seed-size/weight traits, controlled by multiple genes in soybean, play an important role in determining seed yield. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the seed size and weight in soybean remain unclear. In Arabidopsis, P450/CYP78A gene family has been proved extremely relevant to seed size (such as AtCYP78A5, AtCYP78A6 and AtCYP78A9). We found that a soybean GmCYP78A10 gene underwent artificial selection during soybean breeding. The GmCYP78A10a allele mainly distributed in wild soybean (Glycine soja), but has been eliminated in the cultivars during early stage of soybean breeding, while the GmCYP78A10b allele has been accumulated and become the predominant allele in cultivated soybean (G. max). ANOVA analysis showed that the mean seed weight, seed width and seed thickness of soybean varieties with GmCYP78A10b allele was significantly heavier/bigger than those with GmCYP78A10a allele (P < 0.01). The allele could explain 7.2 % variation in seed weight. The pod number of the soybeans with GmCYP78A10b allele significantly decreased compared to those with GmCYP78A10a allele (P < 0.01, R(2) = 5.8 %), while other agronomic traits including seed weight/plant were not significantly affected by these two alleles. We speculated that during the early stage of soybean breeding, breeders selected big seed carrying GmCYP78A10b allele, but lowered pod number simultaneously. Overall, the selection did not cause the significantly change in soybean seed yield. Our results suggests that the soybean GmCYP78A10 gene may have a similar function to those genes belonging to P450/CYP78A subfamily in Arabidopsis and provides new information for the genetic control of seed size in soybean.

Identification of regulatory networks and hub genes controlling soybean seed set and size using RNA sequencing analysis

“…In our study, a number of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis candidate genes were found to be significantly enriched in seed coat at the early seed maturation stage (S3-1) in V1. Cytochrome P450 family genes have been reported to positively regulate seed yield in rice and soybean (Wang et al , 2015; Yang et al , 2013). In our study, several candidate cytochrome P450 family genes exhibited high expression levels in the seed coat of the large seed cultivar, V1.…”

“…A cytochrome P450 family gene, GmCYP78A5 ( Glyma.05G019200 ), was found to be involved in soybean seed size and pod number by association analysis (Wang et al , 2015). This gene was more highly expressed in V1S2 samples compared with V2S2 (Supplementary Fig.…”

“…We found that mRNA of a soybean ortholog of the cytochrome P450 family gene KLU ( Glyma.02G119600 ) was enriched in seed coat at the S3 stage in the V1 (large seed) genotype. Its close homolog, Glyma.05G019200 ( GmCYP78A10 ), was positively associated with soybean seed size and pod number (Wang et al , 2015). Indeed, overexpression of Glyma.05G019200 enhanced soybean seed size (Fig.…”

Identification and validation of number of pod ‐ and seed ‐ related traits QTLs in soybean

“…There is very little published information regarding the genes responsible for NPS‐related traits. However, ln was confirmed to be related to NFSP (Jeong et al., ), GmCYP78A10 is related to NPPP (Wang et al., ), and a pentatricopeptide repeat ( PPR ) gene is related to NPPP in chickpea (Shouvik et al., ). Additionally, the observations of many studies have suggested that the development of the ovule, embryo, pollen, stamen and flower considerably influences pod and seed set (Ali & Rocha, ; Endo & Ohashi, ; Jiang et al., ; Kurdyukov, Song, Sheahan, & Rose, ; Mukhtar & Coyne, ; Qi et al.…”

Altered expression of maize PLASTOCHRON1 enhances biomass and seed yield by extending cell division duration

“…Of these, gibberellins (GAs) were shown to play an important role, because lines overexpressing the rate-limiting GA biosynthetic enzyme GA20-OXIDASE had larger leaves due to an increase in the leaf elongation rate (LER) and the number of dividing cells13. More recently, a cytochrome P450 CYP78A, named KLUH, was shown to regulate vegetative and reproductive organ growth across plant species by promoting cell proliferation likely through generation of a mobile growth-promoting signal161718192021. In rice, PLASTOCHRON1 ( PLA1 ) that belongs to the same class of CYP78A as KLUH affects the timing of leaf initiation and vegetative growth22.…”