Evoked Responses to Relevant and Irrelevant Visual Stimuli While Problem Solving

Chapman, R.M.

doi:10.1037/e469432008-089

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…When manipulated by a cognitive task with separable task conditions, ERPs and their underlying components can provide direct, quantitative indices of abstract cognitive processes. ERP components can reflect brain activity both in time (high resolution on the order of milliseconds) and in space (electrode location), and their behavior under task conditions has been correlated with memory (Begleiter et al, 1993; Chapman et al, 1978a; Chapman et al, 1981; Friedman et al, 1978; Polich, 2007; Ruchkin et al, 1990; Rugg and Curran, 2007), recognition and familiarity (Morgan et al, 2008; Pfütze et al, 2002; Trenner et al, 2004), semantic meaning (Chapman et al, 1978b), stimulus expectancy (Arbel et al, 2010; Walter et al, 1964), executive functioning (Begleiter and Porjesz, 1975), and stimulus relevance (Chapman and Bragdon, 1964; Chapman, 1965; Chapman et al, 2013), among others. While anatomical imaging methods, such as PET and MRI, may indicate where activity occurs during memory storage and processing, their poor temporal resolution (on the order of seconds) makes it difficult to separate the early post-stimulus sequence of events (Missonnier et al, 2004), including sensory processing, memory storage, and later executive functions such as solving the task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much work has been reported on maintenance, rehearsal, and retrieval, but little is known about the timing or exact sequence of events that occur when items are first stored in working memory (Baddeley, 2003; Missonnier et al, 2004). The task-relevant ERP component P300 (Hillyard and Picton, 1987) was first reported roughly fifty years ago (Chapman and Bragdon, 1964; Chapman, 1965) and has been extensively studied in the context of working memory (for a review, see (Kutas, 1988), (Polich, 2007), and (Polich, 2012)). The P300 component and its subcomponents of P3a and P3b are commonly linked to a host of memory operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Memory timeline: Brain ERP C250 (not P300) is an early biomarker of short-term storage

et al. 2015

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Brain Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) offer a quantitative link between neurophysiological activity and cognitive performance. ERPs were measured while young adults performed a task that required storing a relevant stimulus in short-term memory. Using Principal Components Analysis, ERP component C250 (maximum at 250 ms post-stimulus) was extracted from a set of ERPs that were separately averaged for various task conditions, including stimulus relevancy and stimulus sequence within a trial. C250 was more positive in response to task-specific stimuli that were successfully stored in short-term memory. This relationship between C250 and short-term memory storage of a stimulus was confirmed by a memory probe recall test where the behavioral recall of a stimulus was highly correlated with its C250 amplitude. ERP component P300 (and its subcomponents of P3a and P3b, which are commonly thought to represent memory operations) did not show a pattern of activation reflective of storing task-relevant stimuli. C250 precedes the P300, indicating that initial short-term memory storage may occur earlier than previously believed. Additionally, because C250 is so strongly predictive of a stimulus being stored in short-term memory, C250 may provide a strong index of early memory operations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory timeline: Brain ERP C250 (not P300) is an early biomarker of short-term storage

et al. 2015

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“…Further, at no time was S able to anticipate any stimulus with greater-thanchance expectancy. This procedure eliminated the possibility that changes in S's attentive state (Chapman, 1965;Chapman & Bragdon, 1964), posture (Nakayama, 1965) 450-msec evoked potential, as a function of stimulus conditions. It may be seen that grouping on two dimensions produces a more marked decrement of evoked potential amplitude than does grouping on just one dimension.…”

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some further studies on the effect of grouping elements of a visual stimulus on the cortical evoked potential

Beatty

1969

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…After it was recognized that the evoked responses to relevant stimuli were larger than those to nonrelevent stimuli (Chapman, 1965), several investigations set about establishing the parameters of the response which measured such relevance (Beck, 1975;Donchin et al, 1967Donchin et al, , 1969Donchin et al, , 1970. It became clear that the major characteristic of the evoked response sensitive to cognitive function is the large positive peak which occurs between 200 and 500 msec poststimulus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diazepam and Its Effects on Psychophysiological Measures of Performance.

Rizzuto¹,

Wilson²,

Yates³

et al. 1985

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It. %MbIMW~dbdSb AFAMRL-TR-85-036(0 DIAZEPAM AND ITS EFFECTS ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL W4EASURES OF PERFORMANCE (U)Anthony NOTICESWhen US Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than a definitely related Government procurement operation, the Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever, and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise, as in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto. TECHNICAL REVIEW AND APPIOVAL AFAMRL-TR-85-036This report has been reviewed by the Office of Public Affairs (PA) and is releasable to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). At NTIS, it will be available to the general public, including foreign nations.The voluntary informed consent of the subjects used in this research was obtained as required by Air Force Regulation 169-3.This technical report has been reviewed and is approved for publication. FOR THE COMIMANDER TITLE Iclude Security Clasification)62202F 7184 14 07See reverse side. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)Capt Anthony P. Rizzuto*, Dr. This study used a 5 mg oral dose of diazepam (valium) and placebo to test potential performance degradation under the influence of a minor tranquilizer. Dependent variables included a wide range of visual and auditory evoked response measures, as well as behavioral, memory, and physiological tasks that generated the measurement of 57 separate indices of human performance for each of 24 subjects during each of four measurement sessions. These dependent variables have been chosen as standardized tasks to be included in a neurophysiological test battery currently under development and testing by the Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory. This report describes the rationale for usin. these measures as indices of drug effects and outlines recent research using diazepam to induce performance decrements. Results of the experiment showed no generalized substantive effect at this dosage level on the performance variables studied. A multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures, a contrast statistic, and a power analysis DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONUNCLASSIFIEO/UNLfMITEO 1 SAME AS RPT '-DTIC USERS 0

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Evoked Responses to Relevant and Irrelevant Visual Stimuli While Problem Solving

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Memory timeline: Brain ERP C250 (not P300) is an early biomarker of short-term storage

Memory timeline: Brain ERP C250 (not P300) is an early biomarker of short-term storage

Some further studies on the effect of grouping elements of a visual stimulus on the cortical evoked potential

Diazepam and Its Effects on Psychophysiological Measures of Performance.

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