Evoked potential monitoring during repeatedly induced ventricular fibrillation for internal defibrillator implantation

Cerebral Oxygenation During Defibrillator Threshold Testing of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

“…EEG patterns associated with cerebral ischemia during CA have been documented with variable onset times ranging from 1 second 18 to 17 seconds 19 . The analysis of EEG data, however, is confounded by a number of factors including the diversity of the monitoring techniques used, the differences in criteria for ischemia, and the use of data from both anesthetized and conscious patients 2,18–22 . Our principal finding of unaltered cellular energy dynamics contrasts that of Dworschak's group who documented an elevation in biochemical markers of neuronal damage (serum S‐100 protein and neuron‐specific enolase), 2 hours following DFT testing 23 .…”

“…19 The analysis of EEG data, however, is confounded by a number of factors including the diversity of the monitoring techniques used, the differences in criteria for ischemia, and the use of data from both anesthetized and conscious patients. 2,[18][19][20][21][22] Our principal finding of unaltered cellular energy dynamics contrasts that of Dworschak's group who documented an elevation in biochemical markers of neuronal damage (serum S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase), 2 hours following DFT testing. 23 The degree of elevation was significantly associated with the number of shocks and the total duration of time in CA; however, there were no associated neurological deficits.…”

Anesthetic management of a patient undergoing cardioverter defibrillator implantation: usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography and near infrared spectroscopy

“…Because the period of induced VF in our patient was brief, only steroids were administered. Electroencephalography, transcranial Doppler, and somatosensory evoked potentials [12] are used for the continuous monitoring of cerebral function at some institutions. We used NIR because it is the simplest and least invasive method for monitoring cerebral function.…”