Evoked Acoustic Emissions from the Human Ear: III. Findings in Neonates

Johnsen, N. J.; Bagi, Per; Elberling, Claus

doi:10.3109/01050398309076220

Cited by 91 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Using tympanometry in order to assess ME pressure, some workers have reported double-peaked tympanograms in some neonates [Keith, 1973;Poulsen and Tos, 1978]. Bennett [1975], Tos and Poulsen [1980] and Barajas et al [1981] found negative ME pressure in several neonates, while Kankkunen and Liden [1984] and Johnsen et al [1983] found normal (atmospheric) pressure. Others found flat tympanograms [Himelfarb et al, 1979].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neonate Has a Temporary Conductive Hearing Loss due to Fluid in the Middle Ear

Priner

Freeman²,

Perez³

et al. 2003

Audiol Neurotol

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Postnatal functional changes in the activity of the ear and auditory pathway in neonatal guinea pigs [from day of birth (postnatal day, PND = 0), PNDs 1–4, 7 and then weekly up to 7 weeks] were studied as a model of maturation of hearing in human neonates. On the day of birth there were signs of a conductive hearing loss: negative middle ear pressure, auditory nerve brainstem evoked response (ABR) threshold elevation, ABR wave 1 latency prolongation and low amplitude otoacoustic emissions. The conductive hearing loss is probably a result of the (amniotic) fluid found in the neonatal middle-ear cavity. Over the next PNDs, this conductive hearing loss was resolved. In order to confirm this neonatal conductive hearing loss and its resolution, saline was instilled into the middle ear of guinea pigs. This induced signs of a conductive hearing loss similar to those seen in the neonatal guinea pigs which disappeared with clearance of this fluid. Therefore it may be concluded that most of the changes in auditory function seen over the first PNDs are due to absorption of amniotic fluid from the middle-ear cavity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neonate Has a Temporary Conductive Hearing Loss due to Fluid in the Middle Ear

Priner

Freeman²,

Perez³

et al. 2003

Audiol Neurotol

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“…Since 1978, when Kemp [6] was able to record within the external auditory canal a sound pressure variation 5 ms after the stimulus delivery by means of a miniaturized microphone, the universal neonatal hearing screening has become the main field of interest of the 'otoacoustic emissions' [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in new-borns: normative data

Paludetti

Ottaviani

Fetoni

et al. 1999

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Objecti6e: Early diagnosis and rehabilitation of congenital hearing loss are mandatory in order to achieve a satisfactory linguistic and cognitive development. A universal hearing screening in order to identify congenital hearing losses before 3 months of age is required. Methods: TEOAEs are an easy to perform, short lasting, not invasive and low-cost test with a high sensitivity. 320 at term new-borns (640 ears) without any risk factor for hearing loss underwent TEOAEs. The new-borns were screened 3 days after birth. Those who failed the first test were retested when possible before the discharge from the hospital. ABR was performed 3 months later in cases who failed TEOAE. Results: The median TEOAE sampling time was 98 s, the median test duration was 14 min. The mean stimulus amplitude was 80 dB peSPL in the left ear and 81 dB peSPL in the right ear, noise levels within the external meatus during sampling were 44 dB SPL on the right ear and 43 dB SPL on the left one, noise contained within the response (A-B difference) was 8.65 dB SPL in the left ear and 8.74 dB SPL in the right ear, mean TEOAEs amplitudes were 21.49 dB SPL and 21.78 dB SPL in the right and left ear respectively, the mean lower and upper limit of the spectrum being 678 and 5720 Hz. According to these criteria 494/640 ears (77.2%) passed the test at the first recording, while TEOAEs resulted to be absent in 146/640 ears (22.8%). A retest was performed successfully before the discharge from the Hospital in 30/640 ears (4.7%). An ABR recording within the third month of life was scheduled as out-patient in the 58 new-borns (116 ears, 18.2%) who failed the test. 18 of them (36 ears, 5.6%) did not complete the program, 19 new-borns (38 ears, 11.8%) showed a normal ABR, while two new-borns (four ears, 0.6%) failed ABR after 3 months. A second ABR performed after 6 months was normal. Conclusions: TEOAEs recording seems at now the test of choice for a universal hearing screening. However, a greater standardization of criteria both in performing the test and in evaluating the results is needed.

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“…There are several explanations for this finding: the input-output function of OAE level versus intensity is steeper in infants than in adults. These differences have been attributed to the smaller volume of the child's ear canal [35,36], but could also be caused by age-related alterations in active cochlear mechanisms [7,8,73]. The number of extranumerary outer hair cells seems to be greater in newborns than in adults and is possibly related to the OAE pattern in newborns [60,74].…”

Section: Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (Teoae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Otoacoustic emissions: A new method to diagnose hearing impairment in children

1993

Eur J Pediatr

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Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are epiphenomena of sensitive, amplifying processes during hearing which can be detected in persons with normal inner ear function. They originate from the cochlea and are interpreted as an energy leakage of cochlear processes, perhaps resulting from active outer hair cell movements. OAEs travel from the cochlea through the middle ear to the external auditory canal where they can be detected using sensitive miniature microphones. Transient evoked (TEOAE) tests allow to otoacoustic emissions non-invasively check the integrity of the cochlea. In the neonatal period, registration of OAEs can be accomplished during natural sleep. In infants and neonates TEOAEs can be used as screening test with a screening level at 30 dB HL in paediatric audiology. They are less time consuming and elaborate than auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and they are more sensitive than behavioral tests. TEOAEs are constant over long periods of time and they are reduced or absent due to various adverse influences in the inner ear. These latter characteristics may allow monitoring of the inner ear function over time e.g. during disease and/or during ototoxic therapeutic interventions. Limitations of this new method are due to the fact that TEOAEs are absent in patients with a more than 30 dB HL hearing loss. Thus a hearing threshold cannot be determined. Diseases of the inner ear which are common in early childhood (like otitis media) reduce the transfer of TEOAEs and may wrongly indicate a cochlear hearing disorder. New methods for evaluation and interpretation of TEOAE test results are currently developed which may allow to circumvent this problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Evoked Acoustic Emissions from the Human Ear: III. Findings in Neonates

Cited by 91 publications

References 24 publications

The Neonate Has a Temporary Conductive Hearing Loss due to Fluid in the Middle Ear

The Neonate Has a Temporary Conductive Hearing Loss due to Fluid in the Middle Ear

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in new-borns: normative data

Otoacoustic emissions: A new method to diagnose hearing impairment in children

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