Evidenzbewertung von gesundheitsrelevanten Auswirkungen synthetischer Nanopartikel. Ein neues Verfahren für die Unterstützung von Governance-Prozessen in der Nanotechnologie?

Fleischer, Torsten; Hocke, Peter; Kastenholz, Hans; Krug, Harald F.; Quendt, Christiane; Spangenberg, Albena

doi:10.5771/9783845271132-239

Cited by 2 publications

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“…At the political level, it was advised in this situation to proceed according to the precautionary principle. There is some scientific evidence that certain manufactured nanoparticles can cause damage with regard to certain biological end points, but the scientific basis of this knowledge is not yet stable enough to support concrete decisions (Fleischer et al 2010). Thus, the problem has ''arrived'' from the perspective of society.…”

Section: Two Examples From the Field Of Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

When should there be which kind of technology assessment? A plea for a strictly problem-oriented approach from the very outset

Decker

Fleischer

2010

Poiesis Prax

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Technology assessment (TA) is generally classified as problem-oriented and thus transdisciplinary research. This is due to the fact that the aim of TA is to work out solutions for problems outside science in order to offer advice to its addressees, namely those working in politics and science and members of society in general. In this paper, we propose that the problem-oriented approach also be used as the basis for the decision regarding when a TA should be conducted in a particular situation, and which TA should be used. As a first step to this end, a broad range-almost like a kind of coarse radar-and large number of topics or problem sketches are created, which then serve as a basis for a discursive process of negotiation, during which topics are to be carried over into a detailed problem analysis (''fine radar''). These detailed problem analyses, which are important for transdisciplinary research, represent in themselves small research projects (preprojects). They provide, in addition, some initial indications for a methodologically promising project design. The methodological approach described here is currently being tested in a procedure in which TA topics are being monitored for the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF).Résumé L'accréditation et l'évaluation de la technologie (technology assessment, ou TA) est généralement considérée comme de la recherche orientée sur le problème et donc transdisciplinaire. Ceci est dû au fait que le but du TA est de résoudre des problèmes qui existent en dehors de la science pour pouvoir mieux conseiller ceux à qui il s'adresse: les politiciens, les scientifiques et la société en général. Ici nous proposons que l'approche orientée sur le problème doive aussi être la base de la décision concernant le choix du TA ainsi que le moment propice de le mettre en oeuvre selon une situation spécifique. Dans une première étape, une large gamme et un grand nombre de sujets ou d'esquisses de problèmes sont créés-à la manière d'un radar à grosse maille-servant ainsi de base pour un processus discursif de négociation, processus dans lequel des sujets doivent être transférés vers une analyse détaillée du problème («radar fin»). Ces analyses détaillées de problème, importantes pour la recherche transdisciplinaire, représentent en elles-mêmes des petits projets de recherche (pré-projets). De plus, ces analyses donnent des indications initiales pour un design de projet méthodologiquement prometteur. L'approche méthodologique telle qu'elle est décrite ici est actuellement en train d'être testée: des sujets de TA sont supervisés par le Ministère Fédéral Allemand de l'Education et de la Recherche (Bundesministerium fu¨r Bildung und Forschung, BMBF).Zusammenfassung (Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) wird gemeinhin als problemorientierte und damit transdisziplinäre Forschung eingeordnet. Das ist der Tatsache geschuldet, dass TA Problemlösungen für außerwissenschaftliche Probleme erarbeiten möchte, um beratend für die Adressaten Politik...

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Section: Two Examples From the Field Of Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

When should there be which kind of technology assessment? A plea for a strictly problem-oriented approach from the very outset

Decker

Fleischer

2010

Poiesis Prax

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“…The following were analysed, amongst other sources: i) scientific and technical journals, ii) general trend analyses of relevant future research institutions and business consultancies, iii) the results of representative population surveys on the expectations and attitudes towards science and technology, iv) reports and contributions to (technical) conferences, v) trade and conventions or vi) reports by committees of experts and funding programs. In addition, the search process included vii) Foresight-studies and roadmaps (given that the introductory chapters of these commonly refer to social and political trends) [17,18], viii) market research studies, ix) trade and technical journals as well as newspapers and x) social science journals and reports by foundations. Assessment of the aforementioned types of information sources was complemented by bibliometric and patent analyses.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new monitoring process of future topics for innovation and technological analysis: informing Germanys’ innovation policy

et al. 2013

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Technology assessment (TA) is defined as problemoriented transdisciplinary research that aims at working out solutions for societal problems. It provides advice to those in politics, science and wider society on issues related to research, technology and innovation. There is widespread agreement that TA should start at an early phase in order to contribute to responsible strategic technology development. If we assume limited resources, the question remained, however, how priority setting of TA should be organised. The German Federal Ministry for Education and Research launched a research project to answer this question based on their funding strategy. In this paper, we propose an approach to determine when TA should be conducted in a given situation, and which methodological approach of TA is most promising: using a 'coarse radar', several topics were identified in a two-pronged search approach. Then relevant topics were selected with the help of experts and the decision-making body itself. Finally, using a 'fine radar', detailed problem analyses of the prioritised topics were made to present concrete suggestions for funding by the BMBF (pre-projects). The paper evaluates briefly the methodology and discusses initial findings of the method evaluation process.

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Evidenzbewertung von gesundheitsrelevanten Auswirkungen synthetischer Nanopartikel. Ein neues Verfahren für die Unterstützung von Governance-Prozessen in der Nanotechnologie?

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

When should there be which kind of technology assessment? A plea for a strictly problem-oriented approach from the very outset

When should there be which kind of technology assessment? A plea for a strictly problem-oriented approach from the very outset

A new monitoring process of future topics for innovation and technological analysis: informing Germanys’ innovation policy

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