Evidences that polyploidization and hybridization affected resveratrol content in Arachis interspecific hybrids

Abstract

To broaden the genetic base of the allotetraploid peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), pre-breeding programs have produced interspecific synthetic allotetraploids resulting from the chromosome duplication of hybrids between peanut related diploid species. These allotetraploids were highly cross-fertile with peanut making it possible to access the extensive genetic variability harbored by the wild species. This study aims to evaluate the impact of polyploidization and hybridization in resveratrol content in Arachis hybrids. Resveratrol is a potent antioxidant that has been shown to be useful in the treatment of many human diseases. For that, resveratrol was characterized in five synthetic allotetraploids of wild Arachis, six diploid wild species, three cultivars of A. hypogaea and three backcross (BC) hybrids between synthetic allotetraploids and A. hypogaea. Leaves from these genotypes were ultraviolet (UV) light irradiated for 2 h 30 min and their resveratrol contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Resveratrol was found in all genotypes, but at variable concentrations. Synthetic allotetraploids and peanut did not differ and diploid species had the lowest resveratrol content. The highest concentrations were observed in hybrids between allotetraploids and cultivars of A. hypogaea that were probably the most heterozygous among the genotypes analyzed since their chromosome sets came from different species. This study data suggest a positive effect of polyploidy and hybridization in resveratrol content.

The Stilbene Synthase Family in Arachis: A Genome-Wide Study and Functional Characterization in Response to Stress

“…Resveratrol is a major phytoalexin involved in constitutive and inducible defense reactions of Arachis species against bioaggressors, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and herbivores, and in response to several abiotic stressors, such as UV irradiation, wounding, drought, or extreme temperatures [10,42]. Arachis is one of the few plant genera that naturally produce resveratrol, and our recent findings demonstrate that this particularity is ubiquitously present in wild and cultivated species belonging to the different sections of the genus [12,13]. Thus, resveratrol and derivatives are important components of the defense mechanisms evolved by Arachis to cope with environmental constraints.…”

“…Wild Arachis species evolved in their native South America several adaptive traits associated with defense and survival under stressful environmental conditions, among which the production and accumulation of phenolic-like compounds or phytoalexins seem to play a primary role [12,13,42]. Resveratrol is a major phytoalexin involved in constitutive and inducible defense reactions of Arachis species against bioaggressors, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and herbivores, and in response to several abiotic stressors, such as UV irradiation, wounding, drought, or extreme temperatures [10,42].…”

“…Arachis species (Fabaceae) are among these few plants that naturally synthesize resveratrol, and despite the advances in exploring this molecule, only the cultivated species (Arachis hypogaea L.) has been considered for producing this compound [10]. In the last few years, however, the knowledge about resveratrol synthesis and metabolism in wild Arachis species belonging to distinct botanical sections has been expanded [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Our studies demonstrated that some wild species produced higher levels of resveratrol, associated with the induced expression of STS genes, than cultivated species upon UV exposure.…”

Deciphering peanut complex genomes paves a way to understand its origin and domestication

“…The cultivated peanut is divided into two subspecies, hypogaea and fastigiata . Further, the two subspecies are further divided into six botanical varieties, hypogaea , hirsuta , peruviana , fastigiata , vulgaris , and equatoriana (Bertioli, 2011 ; Carvalho et al ., 2019 ; Krapovickas and Gregory, 2007 ). Many studies have been performed concerning the karyotype, morphology, botanic characteristics, and taxonomy (Grabiele et al ., 2012 ; Krapovickas et al ., 2009 ; Krapovickas and Gregory, 2007 ; Seijo et al ., 2007 ).…”

An Overview of Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…Chromatin introgression of a tiny fraction of the wild species genome while maintaining the genome background of the cultivated peanut is a means to discover the most untapped wild genes/alleles. As several authors have mentioned, direct gene transfer from wild diploid species has been hampered by ploidy differences, fertility barriers caused by species incompatibilities, linkage drag of desirable wild alleles with those conferring agronomically unadopted traits and, finally, difficulties in confirming hybrid identities and tracking introgressed segments [ 16 , 19 , 20 ]. These issues have been partly resolved by the production of synthetic allotetraploid that can be crossed with cultivated peanut [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”