Evidences Suggesting Involvement of Viruses in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Gupta, Kumkum; Metgud, Rashmi

doi:10.1155/2013/642496

Cited by 43 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Smoking and alcohol are clearly defined potential risk factors that contribute to initiation and promotion of OSCC; although, OSCCs do develop in the absence of these habits. Thus, genetic susceptibility to OSCC is also worth exploring [3]. OSCC is characterized by frequent nodal metastases, poor prognosis, and high recurrences [4], and OSCC survival rates have not significantly improved for these reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum miR-483-5p: a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Tumor Biol.

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Deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is essential to tumor development, and serum miRNA profiles have been reported in several cancers. However, the serum miRNA profile in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remained unclear. The present study aimed to explore abnormal miRNA profile in sera samples from OSCC patients and the association of miR-483-5p with patient prognosis. Microarray analysis was performed in sera from OSCC patients versus healthy controls. miR-483-5p expression was measured by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and correlated to clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients. The prognostic significance was then evaluated with a Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank tests, using a Cox proportional hazard model. According to microRNA array, 16 miRNAs were upregulated and 10 were downregulated in OSCC patient sera. miR-483-5p expression was significantly increased in OSCC patients (3.23-fold, p < 0.01), and this was significantly correlated with tumor nodal metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph nodal metastases (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). For predicting OSCC, receiver operating characteristic (ROC)/area under the curve (AUC) analysis confirmed a AUC of 0.85 (sensitivity of 0.853 and specificity of 0.746). OSCC patients with high serum miR-483-5p had lower survival than those with low expression, and multivariate analyses for overall survival revealed that high serum miR-483-5p expression was an independent prognostic factor for OSCC (HR = 2.32, 95 %CI 1.20-4.48). miR-483-5p expression increased in OSCC patient sera, and this may be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for OSCC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum miR-483-5p: a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Tumor Biol.

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“…Several risk factors have been well characterized, such as tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, and oncogenic viruses have also been suggested as a cause for the development of a subset of SCCHN1617. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV, double-stranded DNA viruses infecting epithelial cells), is most commonly found in tonsillar SCC (66.4%) and least in tongue (25.7%) and pharyngeal (15.3%) SCC18.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of OAS2 shows disease-specific DNA methylation profiles at individual CpG sites

Boldrup

Coates

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Epigenetic modifications are essential regulators of biological processes. Decreased DNA methylation of OAS2 (2′-5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase 2), encoding an antiviral protein, has been seen in psoriasis. To provide further insight into the epigenetic regulation of OAS2, we performed pyrosequencing to detect OAS2 DNA methylation status at 11 promoter and first exon located CpG sites in psoriasis (n = 12) and two common subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck: tongue (n = 12) and tonsillar (n = 11). Compared to corresponding controls, a general hypomethylation was seen in psoriasis. In tongue and tonsillar SCC, hypomethylation was found at only two CpG sites, the same two sites that were least demethylated in psoriasis. Despite differences in the specific residues targeted for methylation/demethylation, OAS2 expression was upregulated in all conditions and correlations between methylation and expression were seen in psoriasis and tongue SCC. Distinctive methylation status at four successively located CpG sites within a genomic area of 63 bp reveals a delicately integrated epigenetic program and indicates that detailed analysis of individual CpGs provides additional information into the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in specific disease states. Methylation analyses as clinical biomarkers need to be tailored according to disease-specific sites.

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“…Predpokladá sa však, že v niektorých prí-padoch by mohli mať nepriamu úlohu a pôsobiť ako kofaktory alebo kokancerogény. Metgut et al [5] a Gupta a Metgut [6] sa domnievajú, že takúto úlohu by mohli HSV-1 a HSV-2 mať pri vzniku orálneho karcinómu, v oboch prípadoch sa však jednalo len o nepotvrdené hypotézy. Existuje však rad nepriamych bio logických a seroepidemiologických dôkazov ako aj experimentov na zvieratách, ktoré poukazujú na možný vzťah HSV-1 a HSV-2 k niektorým nádorovým ochoreniam.…”

Section: úVodunclassified

A Possible Role of Human Herpes Viruses Belonging to the Subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae in the Development of Some Cancers

Mrázová¹,

Golais²,

Búda³

2018

Klin Onkol

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SúhrnĽudské vírusy herpes simplex typ 1 a 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) sa väčšinou na základe séroepidemiologických štúdií dávajú do súvislosti s viacerými nádorovými ochoreniami. Nepredpokladá sa však, že by pri vzniku nádorov mali priamu úlohu. Pôsobia pravdepodobne len ako kofaktory. Experimentálne sa podarilo dokázať ich schopnosť transformovať bunky in vitro odstránením ich vysokej lytickej schopnosti určitou dávkou UV žiarenia alebo fotoinaktiváciou v prítomnosti fotosenzitizérov, napr. neutrálnej červene alebo metylénovej modrej alebo kultiváciou v podmienkách potláčajúcich ich lytickú schopnosť. K vzniku nádorov by mohli prispieť niekoľkými mechanizmami. Podľa mechanizmu "hit and run" navodí vírusová DNA interakciou s bunkovou DNA a indukciou genetických a epigenetických zmien len iniciáciu transformácie a na ďalšom procese neoplastickej progresie sa už nepodiela. Podľa mechanizmu "hijacking" môže vírusový produkt v infikovaných bunkách aktivovať signálnu dráhu a spôsobiť tým nekontrolovateľnú proliferáciu. Takýmto produktom je napr. produkt génu HSV-2 označovaného ako ICP10, ktorý kóduje onkoproteín RR1PK aktivujúci signálnu dráhu Ras. V dvoch prípadoch, v prípade serózneho karcinómu vaječníkov a v niektorých nádoroch prostaty boli dokázané vírusom kódované mikroRNA ako možní spolopôvodcovia vzniku nádorov. Možnú úlohu by mohli hrať aj nedávno popísané rastové faktory asociované s herpetickými vírusmi s transformačným a transformáciu potláčajúcim účinkom. Nakoniec, existuje rad dôkazov, že HSV-2 môže zvyšovať riziko vzniku cervikálneho karcinómu po infekcii s ľudskými papilómovými vírusmi. Kľúčové slová HSV-1 -HSV-2 -nádory -mechanizmy transformácie SummarySeroepidemiological studies suggest that human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) are linked with several types of cancer; however, they do not appear to play a direct role and are considered to be cofactors. The abilities of HSV-1 and -2 to transform cells in vitro can be demonstrated by suppress ing their lytic ability via irradiation with a specific dose of ultraviolet light, photoinactivation in the presence of photosensitizers (e. g., neutral red or methylene blue), and culture under specific conditions. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the actions of these viruses. Accord ing to the hit-and-run mechanism, viral DNA initiates transformation by interact ing with cellular DNA and thereby induc ing mutations and epigenetic changes, but is not involved in other stages of neoplastic progression. By contrast, accord ing to the hijack ing mechanism, viral products in infected cells can activate signal ing pathways and thereby cause uncontrolled proliferation. Such products include RR1PK, an oncoprotein that activates the Ras pathway and is encoded by the HSV-2 gene ICP10 . Virus-encoded microRNAs may act as cofactors in tumorigenesis of serous ovarian carcinoma and some prostate tumors. Herpes virus-associated growth factors that facilitate or suppress transformation may play important roles in tumor formation. Finally, there is much ...

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Evidences Suggesting Involvement of Viruses in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 43 publications

References 161 publications

Serum miR-483-5p: a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Serum miR-483-5p: a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Epigenetic regulation of OAS2 shows disease-specific DNA methylation profiles at individual CpG sites

A Possible Role of Human Herpes Viruses Belonging to the Subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae in the Development of Some Cancers

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