Evidences and perspectives in the utilization of CLNA isomers as bioactive compounds in foods

Fontes, Ana Luiza; Pimentel, Lígia L.; Simões, Catarina; Gomes, Ana; Rodriguez‐Alcalá, Luís M.

doi:10.1080/10408398.2015.1063478

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Regarding CLNA isomers, their effects have been reviewed as being associated with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiobesity activities (16,17).…”

Section: Cla and Clna Bioactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, it was concluded that ruminal microbes are capable of transforming LNA into both CLA and 18:3 compounds. Finally, these intermediates are then hydrogenated into stearic acid (C 18:0 ) (17,26), and fatty acids are absorbed in the gut and transported via the bloodstream to different body tissues (27,28).…”

Section: Cfa and Rumen Biohydrogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding CLNA, reported concentrations have been 1 to 3 mg CLNA/g in milk fat (38,39) and 9 to 27 mg CLNA/g in beef fat (40) or 4 to 48 mg/g in goat meat (41). The most common isomers within this group of compounds, found in those products, were RLA, iRLA, and C 18:3 c9, t11, t15 (17,42).…”

Section: Other Cfa-producing Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microbial Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Conjugated Linolenic Acid Relies on a Multienzymatic System

Salsinha

Pimentel

Fontes

et al. 2018

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and conjugated linolenic acids (CLNAs) have gained significant attention due to their anticarcinogenic and lipid/energy metabolism-modulatory effects. However, their concentration in foodstuffs is insufficient for any therapeutic application to be implemented. From a biotechnological standpoint, microbial production of these conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) has been explored as an alternative, and strains of the genera ,, and have shown promising producing capacities. Current screening research works are generally based on direct analytical determination of production capacity (e.g., trial and error), representing an important bottleneck in these studies. This review aims to summarize the available information regarding identified genes and proteins involved in CLA/CLNA production by these groups of bacteria and, consequently, the possible enzymatic reactions behind such metabolic processes. Linoleate isomerase (LAI) was the first enzyme to be described to be involved in the microbiological transformation of linoleic acids (LAs) and linolenic acids (LNAs) into CFA isomers. Thus, the availability of gene sequences has allowed the development of genetic screening tools. Nevertheless, several studies have reported that LAIs have significant homology with myosin-cross-reactive antigen (MCRA) proteins, which are involved in the synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids, as shown by hydratase activity. Furthermore, it has been suggested that CLA and/or CLNA production results from a stress response performed by the activation of more than one gene in a multiple-step reaction. Studies on CFA biochemical pathways are essential to understand and characterize the metabolic mechanism behind this process, unraveling all the gene products that may be involved. As some of these bacteria have shown modulation of lipid metabolism , further research to be focused on this topic may help us to understand the role of the gut microbiota in human health.

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“…Regarding CLNA isomers, their effects have been reviewed as being associated with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiobesity activities (16,17).…”

Section: Cla and Clna Bioactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cfa and Rumen Biohydrogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microbial Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Conjugated Linolenic Acid Relies on a Multienzymatic System

Salsinha

Pimentel

Fontes

et al. 2018

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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“…CFAs production by dairy propionibacteria is a way to cope with the inhibitory effect of fatty acids on bacterial growth [88]. Dairy propionibacteria, such as P. freudenreichii , produce the isomer cis-9, trans-11 octadecadienoic (Rumenic acid, RA) in culture and in fermented dairy products from LA; and isomerize also the c12-double bond of LNA and γ-linolenic acid [84,85,87,89]. Nonetheless, animals and clinical studies report the anti-inflammatory effects of CLA and CLNA including those produced by dairy propionibacteria, at different level of modulation, according to isomer type, by acting as PPARγ agonists.…”

Section: Immunomodulation By Dairy Propionibacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro and in vivo studies showed the anti-proliferative effect of conjugated fatty acids, including those produced by dairy propionibacteria [84,86,87,88,89], on various cancerous cells such as melanoma, colorectal, breast, prostate and hepatoma cell lines [92]. The anti-proliferative kinetic is time and dose dependent.…”

Section: Anti-cancerous Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Propionibacteria: Versatile Probiotics

2017

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Dairy propionibacteria are used as cheese ripening starters, as biopreservative and as beneficial additives, in the food industry. The main species, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, is known as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe, USA, FDA). In addition to another dairy species, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, they are included in QPS (Qualified Presumption of Safety) list. Additional to their well-known technological application, dairy propionibacteria increasingly attract attention for their promising probiotic properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize the probiotic characteristics of dairy propionibacteria reported by the updated literature. Indeed, they meet the selection criteria for probiotic bacteria, such as the ability to endure digestive stressing conditions and to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. This is a prerequisite to bacterial persistence within the gut. The reported beneficial effects are ranked according to property’s type: microbiota modulation, immunomodulation, and cancer modulation. The proposed molecular mechanisms are discussed. Dairy propionibacteria are described as producers of nutraceuticals and beneficial metabolites that are responsible for their versatile probiotic attributes include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), conjugated fatty acids, surface proteins, and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoic acid (DHNA). These metabolites possess beneficial properties and their production depends on the strain and on the growth medium. The choice of the fermented food matrix may thus determine the probiotic properties of the ingested product. This review approaches dairy propionibacteria, with an interest in both technological abilities and probiotic attributes.

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Jacaranda oil administration improves serum biomarkers and bioavailability of bioactive conjugated fatty acids, and alters fatty acid profile of mice tissues

Nieuwenhove

Moyano

Nieuwenhove

et al. 2021

Lipids

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Jacaric acid, a conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) present in jacaranda oil (JO), is considered a potent anticarcinogenic agent. Several studies have focused on its biological effects, but the metabolism once consumed is not clear yet. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of two different daily doses of JO on serum parameters and fatty acid (FA) profile of mice tissues after 4 weeks of feeding. No significant changes on body weight gain, food intake, or tissue weight were determined after 0.7 or 2 ml/kg of JO supplementation compared to control animals. Significantly lower blood low‐density lipoproteins‐cholesterol (20 mg/dl) and glucose (~147–148 mg/dl) levels were detected in both oil‐treated groups compared to control (31.2 and 165 mg/dl, respectively). Moreover, jacaric acid was partially converted into cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and thus further incorporated into tissues. Liver evidenced the highest total conjugated fatty acid content (1.1%–2.2%), followed by epididymal (0.7%–1.9%) and mesenteric (1.4%–1.8%) fat. Lower saturated and higher unsaturated fatty acid content was detected in both oil‐treated groups compared to control. Our results support the safety of JO and its potential application with a functional or nutraceutical propose, by increasing human CLNA consumption and further availability of CLA.

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Evidences and perspectives in the utilization of CLNA isomers as bioactive compounds in foods

Cited by 35 publications

References 101 publications

Microbial Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Conjugated Linolenic Acid Relies on a Multienzymatic System

Microbial Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Conjugated Linolenic Acid Relies on a Multienzymatic System

Dairy Propionibacteria: Versatile Probiotics

Jacaranda oil administration improves serum biomarkers and bioavailability of bioactive conjugated fatty acids, and alters fatty acid profile of mice tissues

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