Evidence That the Deferential Vein Acts as a Local Transport System for Androgen in the Rat and the Dog

Reversal of benign prostate hyperplasia by selective occlusion of impaired venous drainage in the male reproductive system: novel mechanism, new treatment

“…Studies on animal models have shown that by an artificial increase of the intra-abdominal pressure in a canine model, radioopaque contrast material can be transferred from the DV directly to the prostate (Pierrepoint et al, 1975;Dhabuwala et al, 1978). These comparative anatomical data further confirm and support the clear, hydraulic effects that we expected in our study regarding the connection between the testicular and prostate drainage systems that the fluid dynamics of both systems obey the principle of 'communicating vessels', where any change in the pressure of one system causes immediate changes in the pressure and in the flow directions in the other connected system to the point that the fluid dynamic equilibrium is conserved (Bernoulli's principle).…”

Effects of long-term treatment withSerenoa repens (Permixon®) on the concentrations and regional distribution of androgens and epidermal growth factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia

“…At present, we do not know whether the highest DHT levels in the periurethral zone, which are associated with the highest concentrations of nuclear androgen receptors [36], have a local origin, on account of the relative high proportion in this zone of the stromal component, rich in 5␣-reductase, or whether these levels derive from the vas deferens and the deferential veins, that drain elevated amounts of DHT and pass through the prostate before reaching the urethra [37,38]. In our previous study, however, we found no relationship between T and DHT and the relative proportion of the epithelial and stromal component [21].…”

Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Occlusion of the Impaired Urogenital Venous System – First Experience

“…5). The connection between the vein of the ductus deferens and the prostate could be shown in experiments on four-legged animals on the basis of an increase in the intraabdominal pressure since the spermatic veins are horizontal in this case and do not have any valves [15,16]. Color Doppler ultrasound scans of infertile men showed dilation of the periprostatic veins with a significant retrograde flow and increased flow rates in the case of a varicocele on both sides [17].…”