Evidence that insulin resistance is responsible for the decreased thermic effect of glucose in human obesity.

Ravussin, Éric; Acheson, K. J.; Vernet, Olivier; Danforth, Elliot; Jéquier, E

doi:10.1172/jci112083

Cited by 153 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It has previously been reported that impaired thermogenesis is associated with insulin resistance in obesity 46,47 A further study 48 demonstrated an independent effect of insulin resistance and obesity in producing blunted TEFs. In the present study, the irregular meal pattern failed to produce any significant differences in body weight in spite of Meal pattern as a factor influencing body weight HR Farshchi et al reduced dietary thermogenesis, but this was expected due to the short term of the intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Decreased thermic effect of food after an irregular compared with a regular meal pattern in healthy lean women

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVES:To investigate the impact of irregular meal frequency on body weight, energy intake, appetite and resting energy expenditure in healthy lean women. DESIGN: Nine healthy lean women aged 18-42 y participated in a randomised crossover trial consisting of three phases over a total of 43 days. Subjects attended the laboratory at the start and end of phases 1 and 3. In Phase 1 (14 days), subjects were asked to consume similar things as normal, but either on 6 occasions per day (regular meal pattern) or follow a variable predetermined meal frequency (between 3 and 9 meals/day) with the same total number of meals over the week. In Phase 2 (14 days), subjects continued their normal diet as a wash-out period. In Phase 3 (14 days), subjects followed the alternative meal pattern to that followed in Phase 1. Subjects recorded their food intake for three predetermined days during the irregular period when they were eating 9, 3 and 6 meals/day. They also recorded their food intake on the corresponding days during the regular meal pattern period. Subjects fasted overnight prior to each laboratory visit, at which fasting resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry. Postprandial metabolic rate was then measured for 3 h after the consumption of a milkshake test meal (50% CHO, 15% protein and 35% fat of energy content). Subjects rated appetite before and after the test meal. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in body weight and 3-day mean energy intake between the regular and irregular meal pattern. In the irregular period, the mean energy intake on the day when 9 meals were eaten was significantly greater than when 6 or 3 meals were consumed (P ¼ 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the 3 days of the regular meal pattern. Subjective appetite measurement showed no significant differences before and after the test meal in all visits. Fasting RMR showed no significant differences over the experiment. The overall thermic effect of food (TEF) over the 3 h after the test meal was significantly lower after the irregular meal pattern (P ¼ 0.003). CONCLUSION: Irregular meal frequency led to a lower postprandial energy expenditure compared with the regular meal frequency, while the mean energy intake was not significantly different between the two. The reduced TEF with the irregular meal frequency may lead to weight gain in the long term.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Decreased thermic effect of food after an irregular compared with a regular meal pattern in healthy lean women

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the decrease in glucose-induced thermogenesis, when present in obese patients, was related to insulin resistance. During euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamps, overinfusion of insulin in obese subjects resulted in an overall glucose disposal similar to that observed in lean subjects and normalized glucoseinduced thermogenesis (Ravussin et al, 1985). Third, it was realized that the decreased TEF in obese patients represented only about 50-150 kcal/day (Schutz et al, 1984a).…”

Section: Mechanisms Responsible For the Thermic Effect Of Foodmentioning

confidence: 83%

Thermic effect of food and sympathetic nervous system activity in humans

Tappy¹

1996

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

191

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most studies administered the food orally, either as a liquid or a solid meal, but a few studies measured the thermic effect of intravenously injected glucose, using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique (1 1, 24,34,60,61). This technique consistently resulted in a decreased thermogenesis in the subjects who were obese, when compared with those who were lean, in all except one study.…”

Section: Test Mealmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Thermic Effect of Food and Obesity: A Critical Review

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

DE JONGE, LILIAN, GEORGE BRAY. The thermic effect of food and obesity: A critical review. Obes Res. 199735622-631.This review has examined the factors that influence the thermic effect of food (TEF) by evaluating 49 studies that have compared subjects who are obese with those who are lean. Meal size, meal composition, the nature of the previous diet, insulin resistance, physical activity, and ageing influence TEF. In the studies of individuals who are obese or lean, of those who used intravenous glucose infusions, all but one found an impaired thermic response. A total of 29 out of 49 studies of individuals of normal weight or with obesity were identified where there was no difference in age between the groups, and where the subjects who were "overweight" were clearly obese. Of these 29,22 reported a statistically significant reduction in TEF, 3 studies were not designed to look primarily at the effect of obesity on TEF, and the other 4 may not have had sufficiently palatable meals. From this review, we conclude that the reduction of TEF in obesity is related to the degree of insulin resistance, which may be influenced by a low level of sympathetic activity.

show abstract

Evidence that insulin resistance is responsible for the decreased thermic effect of glucose in human obesity.

Cited by 153 publications

References 30 publications

Decreased thermic effect of food after an irregular compared with a regular meal pattern in healthy lean women

Decreased thermic effect of food after an irregular compared with a regular meal pattern in healthy lean women

Thermic effect of food and sympathetic nervous system activity in humans

The Thermic Effect of Food and Obesity: A Critical Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About